Ill VARIATIONS: HUMAN SKULL 189 



and beyond it. They differ further in the relations 

 of" the transverse diameter of the face, taken through 

 the cheek bones, to the transverse diameter of the 

 skull ; in the more rounded or more gable-like 

 form of the roof of the skull, and in the degree to 

 which the hinder part of the skull is flattened or 

 projects beyond the ridge, into and below which 

 the muscles of the neck are inserted. 



In some skulls" the brain case may be said to be 

 " round" the extreme length not exceeding the 

 extreme breadth by a greater proportion than 100 

 to 80, while the difference may be much less. 1 

 Men possessing such skulls were termed by 

 Retzius " brachyccphalic" and the skull of a 

 Calmuck, of which a front and side view (reduced 

 outline copies of which are given in Figure 27) are 

 depicted by Von Baer in his excellent " Crania 

 selecta," affords a very admirable sample of that 

 kind of skull. Other skulls, such as that of a 

 Negro copied in Fig. 28 from Mr. Busk's " Crania 

 typica," have a very different, greatly elongated 

 form, and may be termed " oblong." In this skull 

 the extreme length is to the extreme breadth as 

 100 to not more than 67, and the transverse 

 diameter of the human skull may fall below even 

 this proportion. People having such skulls were 

 called by Retzius " dolichocephalic" 



The most cursory glance at the side views of 



1 In no normal human skull does the breadth of the brain- 

 case exceed its length. 



