204 HUMAN FOSSILS m 



of the Engis skull is quite unlike that of the 

 typical Australians. 



On the other hand, its measurements agree 

 equally well with those of some European skulls. 

 And assuredly, there is no mark of degradation 

 about any part of its structure. It is, in fact, a 

 fair average human skull, which might have 

 belonged to a philosopher, or might have contained 

 the thoughtless brains of a savage. 



The case of the Neanderthal skull is very differ- 

 ent. Under whatever aspect we view this 

 cranium, whether we regard its vertical depression, 

 the enormous thickness of its supraciliary ridges, 

 its sloping occiput, or its long and straight 

 squamosal suture, we meet with ape-like charac- 

 ters, stamping it as the most pithecoid of human 

 crania yet discovered. But Professor Schaaff- 

 hausen states (supra, p. 178), that the cranium, in 

 its present condition, holds 1033'24 cubic centi- 

 metres of water, or about 63 cubic inches, and as 

 the entire skull could hardly have held less than 

 an additional 12 cubic inches, its capacity may be 

 estimated at about 75 cubic inches, which is the 

 average capacity given by Morton for Polynesian 

 and Hottentot skulls. 



So large a mass of brain as this, would alone 

 suggest that the pithecoid tendencies, indicated by 

 this skull, did not extend deep into the organiza- 

 tion; and this conclusion is borne out by the 

 dimensions of the other bones of the skeleton 



