228 METHODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY 17 



black hair of the proper Americans, are generally 

 a duller complexioned, shorter, and a more squat 

 people, and they have still more prominent cheek- 

 bones. But the circumstance which most com- 

 pletely separates them from the typical Americans, 

 is the form of their skulls, which instead of being 

 broad, high, and truncated behind, are eminently 

 long, usually low, and prolonged backwards. 

 These Hyperborean people clothe themselves in 

 skins, know nothing of pottery, and hardly any- 

 thing of metals. Dependent for existence upon 

 the produce of the chase, the seal and the whale 

 are to them what the cocoa-nut tree and the 

 plantain are to the savages of more genial 

 climates. Not only are those animals meat and 

 raiment, but they are canoes, sledges, weapons, 

 tools, windows, and fire ; while they support the 

 dog, who is the indispensable ally and beast of 

 burden of the Esquimaux. 



It is admitted that the Tchuktchi, on the 

 eastern side of Behring's Straits, are, in all essential 

 respects, Esquimaux ; and I do not know that 

 there is any satisfactory evidence to show that the 

 Tunguses and Samoiedes do not essentially share 

 the same physical characters. Southward, there 

 are indications of Esquimaux characters among 

 the Japanese, and it is possible that their influence 

 may be traced yet further. 



However this may be, Eastern Asia, from Mant- 

 chouria to Siam, Thibet, and Northern Hindostan, 



