IV METHODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY 229 



is continuously inhabited by men, usually of 

 short stature, with skins varying in colour from 

 yellow to olive ; with broad cheek-bones and faces 

 that, owing to the insignificance of the nose, are 

 exceedingly flat ; and with small, obliquely-set l 

 black eyes and straight black hair, which some- 

 times attains a very great length upon the scalp, 

 but is always scanty upon the face and body. 

 The skull, never much elongated, is, generally, 

 remarkably broad and rounded, with hardly any 

 nasal depression, and but slight, if any, projection 

 of the jaws. Many of these people, for whom the 

 old name of MONGOLIANS may be retained, are 

 nomades ; others, as the Chinese, have attained a 

 remarkable and apparently indigenous civilization, 

 only surpassed by that of Europe. 



At the north-western extremity of Europe the 

 Lapps repeat the characters of the Eastern 

 Asiatics. Between these extreme points, the 

 Mongolian stock is not continuous, but is repre- 

 sented by a chain of more or less isolated tribes, 

 who pass under the name of Calmucks and Tar- 

 tars, and form Mongolian islands, as it were, in the 

 midst of an ocean of other people. 



The waves of this ocean are the nations for 

 whom, in order to avoid the endless confusion pro- 

 duced by our present half-physical, half-philo- 



p The obliquity, it must be recollected, is not in the position 

 of the eyeball but arises from the arrangement of the skin in 

 the neighbourhood of the eyelids. 1894 ] 



