232 METHODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY iv 



Sahara, is a broad belt of land, shaped like a >-. 

 Between the forks of the Y lies the Mediterranean ; 

 the stem of it is Arabia. The stem is bathed by 

 the Indian Ocean, the western ends of the forks 

 by the Atlantic. The majority of the people in- 

 habiting the area thus roughly denned have, like 

 the Xanthochroi, prominent noses, pale skins and 

 wavy hair, with abundant beards ; but, unlike them, 

 the hair is black or dark and the eyes usually so. 

 They may thence be called the MELANOCHROI. 

 Such people are found in the British Islands, in 

 Western and Southern Gau], in Spain, in Italy 

 south of the Po, in parts of Greece, in Syria and 

 Arabia, stretching as far northward and eastward 

 as the Caucasus and Persia. They are the chief 

 inhabitants of Africa north of the Sahara, and, like 

 the Xanthochroi, they end in the Canary Islands. 

 They are known as Kelts, Iberians, Etruscans, 

 Romans, Pelasgians, Berbers, Semites. The 

 majority of them are long-headed, and of smaller 

 stature than the Xanthochroi. 1 It is needless 

 to remark upon the civilization of these two 

 great stocks. With them has originated every- 

 . thing that is highest in science, in art, in law, 

 in politics, a-nd in mechanical inventions. In their 

 hands, at the present moment, lies the order of the 

 social world, and to them its progress is committed. 

 South of the Atlas, and of the Great Desert, 



P See the Essay on the Aryan Question, in this volume, for 

 some qualifications of these statements necessitated by furthei 

 knowledge. 1894.] 



