286 THE ARYAN QUESTION vi 



tall blond long-heads 1 practically disappear, and 

 are replaced by short brunet broad-heads. TLe 

 ordinary Savoyard may be described in terms 

 the converse of those which apply to the 

 ordinary Swede. He is short, swarthy, dark-eyed, 

 dark-haired, and his skull is very broad. Between 

 the two extreme types, the one seated on the 

 shores of the North Sea and the Baltic, and the 

 other on those of the Mediterranean, there are all 

 sorts of intermediate forms, in which breadth of 

 skull may be found in tall and in short blond men, 

 and in tall brunet men. 



There is much reason to believe that the brunet 

 broad-heads, now met with in central France and 

 in the west central European highlands, have in- 

 habited the same region, not only throughout the 

 historical period, but long before it commenced ; 

 and it is probable that their area of occupation 

 was formerly more extensive. For, if we leave 



1 I may plead the precedent of the good English words 

 "block-head" and " thick-head " for "broad-head" and "long- 

 head," but I cannot say that they are elegant. I might have 

 employed the technical terms brachycephali and dolichocephali. 

 But if cannot be said that they are much more graceful ; and, 

 moreover, they are sometimes employed in senses different from 

 that which I have given in the definition of broad -heads and 

 long heads. The cephalic index is a number which expresses the 

 relation of the breadth to the length of a skull, taking the 

 latter as 100. Therefore "broad-heads" have the cephalic 

 index above 80 and " long-heads " have it below 80. The phy- 

 siological value of the difference is unknown ; its morphological 

 value depends upon the observed fact of the constancy of the 

 occurrence of either long skulls or broad skulls among large 

 bodies of mankind. 



