HO EVOLUTION AND ETHICS. n 



that all the things are changed into fire and fire into 

 all things, as gold into goods and goods into gold. 



Note 13 (p. 71). 

 Pope's lines in the Essay on Man (Ep. i. 267-8), 



"All are but parts of one stupendous whole, 

 Whose body Nature is, and God the soul," 



simply paraphrase Seneca's " quern in hoc mundo 

 locum deus obtinet, hunc in homirie animus: quod 

 est illic materia, id nobis corpus est." (Ep. Ixv. 24) ; 

 which again is a Latin version of the old Stoical 

 doctrine, els airav TOV Koo-pov /zepos dirjKci 6 vovs, Kafldircp 

 o^>* rjfjiwv 77 ^VXT). 



So far as the testimony for the universality of 

 what ordinary people call " evil " goes, there is noth- 

 ing better than the writings of the Stoics themselves. 

 They might serve as a storehouse for the epigrams of 

 the ultra-pessimists. Heracleitus (circa 500 B. c.) 

 says just as hard things about ordinary humanity 

 as his disciples centuries later; and there really 

 seems no need to seek for the causes of this dark 

 view of life in the circumstances of the time of 

 Alexander's successors or of the early Emperors of 

 Home. To the man with an ethical ideal, the world, 

 including himself, will always seem full of evil. 



Note 14 (p. 73). 



I use the well-known phrase, but decline respon- 

 sibility for the libel upon Epicurus, whose doctrines 



