22 How TO MAKE GRAPE CULTURE PROFITABLE IN CALIFORNIA 



of soil, etc. For instance in deep wet loams and clays or soils with 

 groundwater a few feet below the surface a Vinifera may do very 

 well, but a Champini sending down its vertical main roots into very 

 wet soil or water would not succeed. A hybrid having a great 

 drouth-enduring capacity but shallow roots would fail in a deep 

 coarse gravel, where a Champini may prove successful. Even a 

 Rupestris St. George may do as well as a Vinifera in such soil, as 

 it has the advantage over the latter in its deep vertical roots, al- 

 though less range of adaptation. But it is always safest, if a stock 

 is chosen, which has adaptation to spare for a certain soil, than if 

 it is deficient or doubtful. It can also be seen from the diagram 

 that an improvement is possible on our two best known grafting 

 stocks, the Lenoir and the Champini. By hybridizing a Cinerea 

 or Cordifolia with a Candicans or Berlandieri and the progeny 

 again with a Vinifera or Californica, a hybrid may result having 

 a greater range of adaptation than the best we have at present. 



FIG. 2 



Dry . . 



Slightly 



Moist 



Moist 



Extremely 

 Moist 



Wet 



Extremely heavy clays and 

 adobes 



Fig. II shows the changes from wet to dry as they occur in 

 the different soils of vineyards in the coast regions of northern 

 California, or may occur, if land is not carefully cultivated or rain- 

 fall is insufficient or vines have excessive foliage. This also is given 

 only approximately and comparatively, as there are a thousand dif- 

 ferent combinations in the physical structure of our varied soils, 

 according to depth, admixture of humus, clay or other binding 

 material, broken sandrock, clayrock or granite, gravel or sand, etc., 



