30 How TO MAKE GRAPE CULTURE PROFITABLE IN CALIFORNIA 



Beclan. This is probably the best grape for rich land, whether 

 sandy or clayey, in the coast region. It grows, bears and ripens its 

 fruit early, similarly to the foregoing. It also does well on resist- 

 ants and makes a fine wine, which has great value as a blend with 

 Cabernet. 



Cabernet Sauvignon. This is a shy bearer on its own roots, 

 but does better on resistants. It is the most rot-resistant grape we 

 have and is therefore valuable in places with moist atmospheric 

 conditions. It requires long horizontal canes to bear well. 



Tannat. This is also very resistant against rot and an im- 

 mense bearer. Its value as a tannin and color grape has been 

 stated. There are two varieties of it as it occurs here, which are 

 called in France T. male and T. femelle. The leaf of one is not quite 

 so deeply lobed as that of the other and its bunch not quite as large, 

 but closer; it is the better bearer of the two, but also more subject 

 to the California vine disease. It does poorly on Rupestris St. 

 George (the same as all other varieties on this stock) but bears im- 

 mensely on Riparia. 



Alicante Bouschet. This occurs a good deal under the name of 

 Petit Bouschet, which is giving a bad name to a good grape, as the 

 latter is a much inferior variety. The former can be easily dis- 

 tinguished from the latter by its leaves, which are shiny on the up- 

 per side, with the edges turned back. The Petit Bouschet has 

 flat and more downy leaves. The Alicante Bouschet is an immense 

 bearer, but it is reported from France as not doing well on resist- 

 ants, but will probably behave more satisfactorily on some hardy 

 Vinifera-American hybrid. 



Carignan. This is so well known, that it is not necessary to 

 mention its good qualities. It ripens later than the other red vari- 

 eties mentioned and does best on clays. It behaves well on resist- 

 ants. 



Mondeuse. This makes a good wine and bears well in some 

 places, but in others its behavior is not so good in either respect 

 It does not seem to do well on pure American stocks. The Mon- 

 deuse and the Carignan are the two best of the ordinary varieties. 



Valdepenas. This is best adapted to warm interior localities. 

 It has the reputation of fermenting high sugar contents out with- 

 out any trouble and makes a very superior wine. 



Table Grapes. 



Flame Tokay. This is the most prominent table variety, as it 

 bears heavily and its fruit brings the highest price in the markets, 

 provided it is of good quality. To produce such is sometimes diffi- 

 cult, as not all soils and locations will do this. It requires for its 

 perfect development a somewhat dry atmosphere; where this is 

 heavy and moist from ocean winds, it is not of a marketable char- 

 acter. In regard to soil it is best on a poor gravelly clay of a red- 

 dish or brown color ; if the soil is rich, it should not be deep. 



If the vine is planted on rich ground, where it does not ripen 

 its fruit well, it should be trained to a high, large, spreading head 



