IN REFERENCE TO POLLEN 37 



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How to Hybridize Vines Not Blooming at Same Time. 



If the two vines to be crossed do not bloom at the same time, 

 then either the blooming of the earlier one must be retarded by cut- 

 ting off the first shoots in the spring or by pruning very late, and 

 the later one be made to bloom earlier by pruning very early in the 

 fall, or by saving pollen from the earlier to apply to the stigma of 

 the later. 



How to Gather and Preserve Pollen. 



At blooming time, as soon as most of the flowers have opened, 

 gather a supply of flowering clusters and carry them to a light room 

 without shaking or jarring. A new clean tin box about 3 inches 

 square and one inch deep is a good receptacle to preserve pollen in. 

 Take the gathered clusters by the stem and strike them gently into 

 the open box several times. Then clip off the open flowers into 

 the box, put the lid on and shake the box well, so all the pollen be- 

 comes dsilodged from the anthers. Take the lid off again and leave 

 the box stand on window sill for 20 or 30 minutes. Put the lid back 

 and shake once more, when on opening most of the pollen will be 

 seen sticking to the bottom, sides and top of the box. Winnow off 

 all the anthers, corollas and other particles, which may have fallen 

 into the box. Place the box open now on window sill for one or 

 two hours, when the pollen will be dry and in good keeping condi- 

 tion. Put on the cover again and paste over the seam a strip of 

 paper, to keep out air and small insects. 



How to Apply Preserved Pollen. 



When the flowers, to be operated on, have opened, properly 

 prepare them as described and then apply the pollen with a small 

 camel's hair or cat's tail hair pencil, moistened in pure water, to the 

 stigmas. Carefully sack the clusters after the operation, so insects 

 cannot carry in pollen from other vines. 



How to Keep the Seeds. 



As soon as the grapes on the pollenated clusters are fairly ripe, 

 they should be gathered, the seeds taken from them and dried in 

 a ventilated room. They should then be carefully wrapped and 

 kept in a cool, dry place. 



In the above I have followed principally the directions, as given 

 by Mr. T. V. Munson of Denison, Texas, the noted originator of 

 numerous crosses and hybrids in one of the bulletins of the Texas 

 State Experiment Station. 



Mr. Burbank's Method. 



According to a writer in "The Pacific Tree and Vine," Mr. 

 Luther Burbank proceeds in the following manner in creating his 

 wonderful fruits and flowers : 



"A supply of the fructifying pollen anthers is carefully gath- 

 ered from the desired plant parent, usually the day before it is to be 

 used, and carefully dried. When the proper degree of dryness has 

 been obtained, the pollen powder is secured by carefully shaking 



