How to manage a Garden 



it is that they are infinitely better than no drains at all. 

 If, for some reason, pipes cannot be used, then make 

 rubble drains by filling in the trenches (to a thickness of 

 six inches in the case of tributaries, but one foot or more 

 in the case of mains) with broken bricks, crocks, and 

 stones, and any other hard material. Some turf should be 

 put immediately over this to prevent the soil filtering 

 down, and so blocking them up. The horse-shoe tiles are 

 not now often used. A flat tile is placed beneath and the 

 "horse shoe" over it. The best form of drain pipe is 

 shown in Fig. 82, where instead of being perfectly circular 

 in shape its curve is sharper in the lower part, so that there 

 is less opportunity for sediment settling in the bottom. 

 The depth at which these drains should be put is from two 

 to three feet, according to the nature of the soil ; and the 

 distance apart may be from ten to thirty feet. It being a 

 principle that water will always find its own level, and as it 

 will also follow the line of least resistance, it will certainly 

 find its way to the drains, when, if the drains are properly 

 constructed, it will be merely a matter of gravitation to 

 take it from the land. Having then set down the drain 

 pipes so that they are barely touching, it will be necessary 

 to put over them some material which will stop the small 

 soil from getting into, and thereby stopping the drains. 

 Brick rubble, furze, turf, or some such matter, may well be 

 used for this purpose. 



Need of Plentiful Water-Supply. 



Although drainage is in many cases absolutely necessary, 

 it is nevertheless a fact that water is not always in sufficient 



