How to manage a Garden 



is a fruitless fight against nature, and will only result in 

 partial success and a great check to the tree. The question 

 of pruning cannot be well separated from that of training, 

 the two being necessarily embodied in the same process. 

 It being understood that the bud is, so to speak, but an 

 embryo shoot, attention must at the commencement be 

 paid to these. Two figures (Figs. 101-102) are given. 

 The first is a young tree before it has known the knife. 

 The second is the same tree a year older. We have thus 

 cut to encourage three shoots, one of which will act as 

 the lead, and the other as two side branches for forming 



FIG. 101. FIG. 102. FIG. 103. 



Young tree after The same a As fan-shaped. 

 grafting. year later. 



into a horizontal or fan-shaped tree. Two other figures 

 (Figs. 103-104) are given to show the next stage of 

 development in either the horizontal or the fan-shaped. 

 Espaliers are horizontally trained trees which are trained 

 to a wire fence instead of to a wall. Cordons may be 

 upright, horizontal, or oblique. The fan-shaped is used 

 greatly for peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, and 

 cherries, as they do not easily admit of other forms owing 

 to the necessity of continually working in new wood. 

 During the formation of a tree it is necessary to keep 

 restraining the shoots, so that greater sturdiness, which is 

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