How to manage a Garden 



cation of this be lifted and root-pruned. This will greatly 

 facilitate the work of branch pruning. Spurs should be 

 encouraged and sufficient young wood worked in to fill out 

 the space and keep the tree rejuvenated. 



Small Fruits. 



By small fruits we mean gooseberries, currants, rasp- 

 berries, blackberries, and loganberries. There is less 

 knowledge required in handling these, notwithstanding 

 that many gardeners hold that it requires much art to 

 prune and shape a gooseberry bush. A well-shaped goose- 

 berry bush should be as symmetrical as circumstances will 

 allow. It should have a clear three inches of naked stem 

 above the soil ; its branches should be sufficiently far from 

 the ground to prevent the weight of fruit dragging them to 

 the soil ; and there should be a possibility of getting the 

 hand easily to all parts of the tree. To bring about this 

 condition in an old tree is a most difficult matter, but with 

 a clear start from the cutting it is fairly easy. The fruit 

 is borne on the previous year's growth, and the aim is to 

 preserve as much of this as can be reasonably borne, and 

 that without unduly extending the tree. In old neglected 

 bushes it will be noticed there is a lot of old barren wood 

 with a few inches of young growth at the ends. This is 

 what we do not want. We want the young wood springing 

 from near the base and thus get a greater quantity of fruit 

 from a given area. All growths tending to the inside of 

 the tree should be cut out, as well as those which cross 

 each other. Unless the tree has a great tendency to spread 



it is better not to cut back the growths that are to be 

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