Training, Pruning, etc. 



retained. Red currants should have the annual growth 

 cut back to one or two eyes except where it is required to 

 fill out or extend the tree. Black currants should have as 

 much young wood as possible left, provided there is room 

 for it. Young growths from the base should be encouraged 

 to take the place of those which are older. Suckers should 

 also be encouraged. Raspberries throw up fresh canes 

 each year. The old ones should be cut out, and the best 

 of the young ones trained in at a distance of not less than 

 six inches apart. They may be cut off at a height of about 

 five feet. Loganberries are treated in a similar manner, 

 although these may be let go to a height of eight or ten 

 feet, or trained over an arch. The value of this fruit is 

 not yet fully seen. Blackberries romp away gladly in good, 

 rich, cultivated soil, and yield abundantly. Thinning out 

 is the principal part of their pruning ; for they should not 

 be greatly restrained. 



Hedge Trimming 1 . 



Frequently hedges are cut with a hook, but the work is 

 never so neatly done as with shears. Whether in the 

 hedges in the garden, or in the pleasure ground, use the 

 shears in all cases except with laurels or large-leaved 

 subjects. These should be cut back with a knife, other- 

 wise the leaves will be slashed about in a most hideous 

 manner. The great thing in a hedge is to get it well 

 clothed at the bottom. If a hedge be found which is well 

 filled out at the top but naked below, it is very certain to 

 have been neglected in its youth. Most persons are so 

 anxious to get a high hedge that they do not see the need 

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