58 HOW TO STUDY BIRDS 



woodland birds. Most of these, however, go north- 

 ward to the latitude of Maine and Canada. But the 

 black and white warbler also stays with us, and so 

 does the black-throated blue on high wooded hills 

 among mountain-laurel undergrowth and the Canad- 

 ian warbler in similar places. Most of the migrant 

 warblers breed in the spruce and balsam forests of 

 the far north. Others, like the worm-eating, hooded, 

 and Kentucky warblers are content with woodlands 

 of the middle districts. The two water thrushes, 

 also birds of the woods, are much alike, but can be 

 distinguished in that the Louisiana water thrush has 

 a pure white throat, while that of the other has dis- 

 tinct markings. 



The two tiny kinglets are denizens of evergreen 

 forests, though they come around houses at times. 

 Crows and jays nest in the woods, though the blue 

 jay does so in pastures or orchards at times. Among 

 flycatchers, the wood pewee, a dark, slender bird, 

 prefers the deep woods, often, though, on the border 

 of a road. The whippoorwill is notably a woodland 

 bird, though at night it sallies forth into the open. 

 Flush a fair-sized brown bird from the ground, silent 

 of flight and long of wing, and probably it is the whip- 

 poorwill which at night makes the welkin ring with 

 its odd cries. Its near relative the nighthawk is a 

 bird of the open rocky field. It flies around over- 

 head by day and is distinguished from the other es- 

 pecially by the white bar on each wing. 



Most of the woodpeckers are also naturally wood- 



