10 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 



1847 James B. Francis made radical improvements in the inward-flow tur- 

 bine. 



1850 About this time the Jonval turbine was introduced in America by 

 Elwood and Emile Geyelin, of Philadelphia. 



1853 Jearum Atkins was the first scientifically to consider the impulse wheel 

 in this country. 



1859 The " American " or mixed-flow turbine was designed. 



1882. Lester A. Pelton made radical improvements in this type of wheel. 



HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF ELECTRIC POWER 



TRANSMISSION 



1820 A. M. Ampere announced his discovery of the dynamical action between 



conductors conveying electric currents; currents flowing in the same 

 directions attracting and in opposite directions repelling. 



1821 Michael Faraday discovered the electro-magnetic rotation in causing 



a wire conveying a voltaic current to rotate continuously around the 

 pole of a permanent magnet. 



1831 Faraday discovered the principles of electro-magnetic induction and 



laid the foundation for all subsequent inventions which finally led 

 to the production of electro-magnetic or dynamo-electric machines. 



1832 H. Pixii built a magneto-electric machine consisting of a fixed horse- 



shoe armature, wound over with insulated copper wire, in front of 

 which revolved about a vertical axis a horse-shoe magnet. 

 1832 H. Pixii invented the split-tube commutator for converting the alter- 

 nating current into continuous current. 



1840 Henry Pinkus proposed and patented the principle of transmitting 



electric energy through wires to an electric motor on a railway 

 car. 



1841 Prof. Franc. ois Nollet, Brussels, proposed the electrical utilization of 



water and wind power for driving dynamos. 



1850 Jacobi claimed that an electro-magnetic machine could also be worked 



as a magneto-electric machine and vice versa. 



1851 Dr. Sinsteden suggested the use of currents produced by magneto- 



electric machines for driving electric motors. 



1855 Bessolo, Italy, suggested and patented a scheme for the electrical 

 utilization of natural forces, and long-distance transmission of elec- 

 trical energy for power purposes. 



1857 E. W. Siemens invented the drum-wound armature and improvement 



in the shape of field magnets. 



1858 Beams of intense electric light obtained from the volataic arc by 



Faraday. 



1858 Eugene Regnault worked a Froment electrical motor by the current 

 from a Clarke magneto-electric machine, driven itself by a mechan- 

 ical motor. 



1858 A dividing machine was driven by an electric motor at the Artillery 

 Works of St. Thomas d'Aquin, France. Current was obtained from 

 a battery. 



