WATER POWER AND ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENTS 11 



1864 Cazel obtains a French patent on an electric railway system in which 

 one or more magneto-electric machines are to be driven by hydraulic 

 or wind motors, and the current generated conveyed to a rotary 

 car motor by wires and the track rails. 



1866 Dynamos according to Siemens' principle began to be built commerci- 

 ally and were employed for producing electric light. 



1866 Felice Marco, Italy, was granted an Italian patent for the electrical 



utilization of water power. 



1867 Prof. Pfaundler, of Innsbruck, experimented with a Kravogl electric 



motor exhibited at the Paris Exposition, and found Ibat it could 

 also be used for generating electric currents. 



1870 The Gramme ring dynamo was invented. 



1870 Jacobi works an electric motor by means of a secondary battery. 



1873 Gramme and Fount aine discovered the reversible action of the dynamo 

 and made the first public demonstration of power transmission at 

 the Vienna Exposition. Current was transmitted from a machine 

 working as a generator to a second machine 550 yards distant, 

 working as a motor and driving a pump. 



1875 Alcide Girin was granted a French patent for the combination of elec- 



tro-magnetic inductive apparatus and a certain number of induction 

 coils in order to obtain in the secondary circuits a lower tension and 

 a higher intensity than in the primary circuits. 



1876 Jablochkoff's arc lamp invented. 



1876 Wallace-Farmer dynamo at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. 



1878 A motor was installed in the sugar works at Sermaize, France, for oper- 



ating a hoist. Current was obtained from a steam-driven Gramme 

 generator. 



1879 First commercial arc lamp system (Brush) installed in Cleveland. 

 1879 Edison incandescent lamp invented and first complete system of 



incandescent lighting installed at Menlo Park. 



1879 Siemens and Halske install the first electric railway in which current 

 was generated by dynamos. It was at the Berlin Exposition that 

 a line of 550 yards was laid down upon which a small locomotive 

 drew passenger cars merely as a novelty. 



1881 Carpentier and Deprez were granted a patent for a system of trans- 



porting electricity to a distance and transforming it. 



1882 Gaulard and Gibbs suggested the transformer for practical operation. 

 1882 Marcel Deprez built the first long-distance experimental line from 



Miesbach to the Exposition in Munich, a distance of about 37 

 miles. He transmitted one-half horse-power direct current at a 

 pressure of 2400 volts. 



1882 First hydro-electric central station installed at Appleton, Wis. Ca- 

 pacity 250 lights. 



1882 First commercial central station for incandescent lighting began oper- 

 ation in London. 



1882 Pearl Street Station of Edison Electric Illuminating Company began 



operation in New York. 



1883 " Feeder and Main " system first used. 



