CONTENTS ix 



CHAPTER PAGE 



2. Governors 246 



Factors affecting Speed Regulation. Action of Governor. 

 Pipe-line Pressure caused by Governor Action. Energy 

 Output. Arrangement and Operation. Methods of Con- 

 trol. Typical Designs. 



3. Pressure Regulators or Relief Valves 258 



Governor-operated. Pressure-operated. 



4. Water-flow Meters. . 262 



Venturi Meter Register Manometer. 



5. Water Stage Registers 265 



Printing Recording. 

 IX. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 270 



1. General Considerations 270 



Voltage. Frequency. 



2. Synchronous Generators 280 



General Description. Induced E.M.F. Effect of Power 

 Factor on Operation. Field Excitation. Regulation. Short- 

 circuit Current. Armature Connections. Wave Shape. 

 Grounding of Generator Neutral. Rating. Efficiency. 

 Speed. Voltage. Parallel Operation. Mechanical Design. 

 Lubrication. Ventilation. Brakes. 



3. Induction Generators 348 



Output and Excitation. Comparative Capacity of In- 

 duction and Synchronous Generators. Operation. Places 

 of Utilization. General Construction. 



4. Exciters 350 



Separate Excitation. Capacity and Rating. Voltage. 

 Characteristics. Shunt vs. Compound Wound. Speed. 

 Method of Drive. Mechanical Design. Arrangement and 

 Connections. Exciter Batteries. 



5. Voltage Regulation 363 



Hand Regulation. T.A. Regulator Method of Opera- 

 tion Cycle of Operation Regulator Arrangements. Line- 

 drop Compensation. KR-System of Regulation. High 

 Voltage High Current Relays. Synchronous Condenser 

 Regulation. 



6. Transformers 373 



Fundamental Principles. Induced E.M.F. Ratio. Mag- 

 netizing Current. Reactance. Regulation. Core and Shell 

 Type. Method of Cooling. Single and Polyphase. Rating. 

 Efficiency. Voltage. Taps. Number and Size of Units. 

 Connections. Parallel Operation. Mechanical Design. Oil. 

 Drying Transformers. Drying Oil. Testing Oil. Operation. 

 Oil Supply System. Cooling Water System. 



7. Current Limiting Reactors 458 



Purpose of Reactors. Rating. Rating as Affected by Fre- 

 quency, Voltage and Current. Effect of Reactance on Power 



