vin CONTENTS 



CHAPTEB PAGE 



3. Fishways 99 



4. Intakes 100 



Trash Racks. Low-head Installations. High-head Instal- 

 lations. Influence of Ice. 



V. WATER CONDUCTORS AND ACCESSORIES 1C4 



1. Water Conductors iu4 



Classification. Canals. Flumes. Tunnels. Pipe Lines 

 Head Loss of Head Hydraulic Gradient Size of Pipe 

 Line Steel Pipe Wooden Stave Pipe Concrete Pipe. 



2. Water Hammer and Surge Tanks 138 



Water Hammer. Surge Tanks Simple Differential. 



3. Gates and Valves 144 



Requirements. Sluice Gates. Tainter Gates. Gate 

 Valves. Operation and Control. Pivot Valve. Johnson's 

 Hydraulic Valve. Air Valves. 



VI. STORAGE RESERVOIRS 159 



Storage and Pondage. Limitation to Storage. Location of 

 Reservoir. Intakes. Seepage and Evaporation. 



VII. POWER-HOUSE DESIGN 165 



1. Building 165 



General Design. Basements. Foundations. Floors. 

 Walls. Roof. Windows. Doors. Traveling Crane. Venti- 

 lation. Illumination. Heating. Miscellaneous. 



2. ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS 175 g/ 



General Considerations. Turbines. Governors. Gen- 

 erators. Exciters. Transformers. Current Limiting Reac- 

 tors. Switchboards. Oil Circuit Breakers. Lighting Ar- 

 resters. Outdoor Apparatus. 



3. TRANSPORTATION AND ERECTION 193 



Transportation. Unloading. Apparatus Storage. Sched- 

 ule of Erection. Crane Service. Protective Features. Co- 

 operation. 



4. Starting Up 198 



General Precautions. Drying-out. Insulation Resistance. 



VIII. HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT 202 



1. Turbines 202 



Reaction Turbines. Impulse Turbines. Selection of Tur- 

 bines. Specific Speed. Actual Speed. Characteristic 

 Curves. Speed Regulation. Overspeed. Mechanical De- 

 signs. Reaction Type Horizontal Vertical Runners 

 Gate Mechanism Speed Rings Casings Draft Tubes 

 Bearings. Impulse Type Horizontal and Vertical Runners 

 Arrangement of Runners Nozzles Housings. 



