CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAO 



I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 



History of Water Power and Electrical Developments. 

 Conservation of Natural Fuel Resources. Available and 

 Developed Water Power in United States. Power from 

 Inland Waterways. Primary Power and Its Uses. Com- 

 mercial Possibilities for Hydro-Electric Power. 



II. HYDROLOGY 39 



1. Properties of Water 39 



Weight. Volume. Critical Temperatures. Latent Heat. 

 Specific Heat. Effect of Atmospheric Pressure. Measure- 

 ments. 



2. Rainfall ... 44 



Source of Water Supply. Variation in Rainfall. Rainfall 

 Records. 



3. Disposal of Rainfall 47 



Evaporation. Absorption. Run-off. 



4. Stream-flow 63 



Definition of Terms. Variation in Stream-flow. Factors 

 Affecting Stream-flow. Measurements of Stream-flow. 

 Government Records. 



5. Energy of Flowing Water. 66 V 



Potential Energy. Kinetic .Energy. Head. Velocity. 

 Quantity. Horse-power. 



6. Convenient Equivalents 68 



Second-feet per square mile vs. run-off in inches. Second- 

 feet vs. run-off in acre-feet. Miner's inch, etc. 



III. CLASSIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENTS 70 



Low-head Developments. Medium and High-head De- 

 velopments. 



IV. DAMS AND HE ADWORKS 74 



1. Dams 74 



Classification. Location. Timber Crib Dams. Earth-fill 

 Dams. Rock-fill Dams. Masonry Dams Gravity But- 

 tressed Arched. Rules Governing Design. 



2. Flashboards 91 / 



Stationary Boards. Sliding Gates. Tilting Gates. Tain- 

 ter Gates. Rolling Gates, 

 vii 



