WATER CONDUCTORS 



111 



Reinforced concrete flumes. 

 Steel. 



Also, according to their general design, into bench flumes and 

 trestle flumes. 



A typical design of a rectangular wooden flume of the bench 

 type is shown in Fig. 56, the width being from 1J to 2 times the 

 depth of the water. The illustration clearly shows the detail of 

 construction and this type is used on hillsides or places where it 

 may be located directly on the ground. When crossing depressions 

 it is supported on trestles. Careful consideration must be given 

 to the construction of the foundations, and precautions taken so 



/WulV Board l}*"x 18"x l'o" 



Cap Sj"x 8"x 1*0" 



4 Side Boards IJi'xli 

 "1 Side Board lX"x 6' 



Bottom Boar-ls 



Sill "x 



16'0" 



X"xl"Batten 



- 



lJi"x 18"x 180'- 



x ll'O' 



Stringer* 

 6"x 8"x 18'0" 

 (Lap-jointed) 



FIG. 56. Rectangular Wooden Flume. 



that floods will not undermine the same. Drains should, there- 

 fore, be provided if there is any such danger. Spillways for dis- 

 charging any overflow should also be installed at points where 

 the water can be readily disposed of. This refers to canals as 

 well as flumes. 



Fig. 57 shows the design of a semicircular wood-stave flume. 

 This section is, as before stated, very advantageous from the 

 hydraulic point of view. It is easily adjusted to curves, and it 

 can be kept water-tight by screwing up the nuts above the tie- 

 beams at the ends of each threaded band. 



Reinforced concrete flumes have been used in some installations 

 of late, Fig. 58 showing such a design. While the first cost is 



