APPLE PESTS. 75 



dirty yellow or lefwil colour. The moths are on the wing 

 from the middle of July to the middle of August, when 

 they lay their eggs in clusters on the buds and shoots. The 

 eggs hatch either in autumn or the following spring, and 

 in May the larvae spin a web, under which they live in 

 colonies. Thenceforward they feed ravenously on the 

 foliage, devouring every particle of the soft tissue. As 

 soon as full grown each caterpillar spins a cocoon, and 

 pupates in this till it emerges in July as a moth, to again 

 begin egg-laying. 



Kemedies. — (1) On low trees crush the caterpillars by 

 grasping the web with the hand, or set fire to them by 

 means of a torch. (2) Spraying thoroughly with Kerosene 

 Emulsion (No. 16) will destroy the larva?. Winter spray- 

 ing with Formula No. 1 might kill the young larvae. 



Twigr-cutting: Weevils — Two species of weevils— 

 llhynchites Cctruleus and interpunctatus, but the first- 

 named more especially — do damage to the young shoots of 

 apple trees. The female deposits an egg in a hole pre- 

 viously made, about two or three inches from the point of 

 the shoot, and then she sets to work to sever the twig 

 just below the hole containing the egg. The portion 

 either falls to the ground or hangs by a fragment of bark, 

 and the egg gives birth to a grub which proceeds to feed 

 on the pith until it reaches maturity, when it pupates in 

 the soil. 



Eemedt. — The only one is to shake off the weevils on 

 to sheets spread on the ground. Any shoots found eaten 

 off should be burnt. 



Winter Moths. — Several moths— notably, the Winter 

 Moth (Cheimatobia brumata) ; Great Winter, or Mottled 

 Umber, Moth (Hybernia defoliaria) ; Scarce Umber (Hy- 

 bernia aurantiaria) ; Great Brindled Beauty (Phigalia pilo- 

 saria) ; Small Brindled Beauty (Nyssia hispidaria) ; Belted 

 Beauty (Nyssia zonaria) ; and March Moth (Anisopteryx 

 cTSCularia) are responsible for doing an immense amount 



