APPLE DISEASES. 79 



of fruit and other trees, and eventually cause their ill- 

 health or death. The moths are fairly large, creamy-white, 

 and spotted with black. They fly in the evening, rest on 

 the trunks of trees or palings by day, and are to be seen 

 from June to August. The female lays its oval, orange- 

 coloured eggs upon the bark of the trees, and from these 

 are hatched in a few days yellowish-white larvae, which at 

 once commence to bore into the bark. In the winter they 

 bore further into the tree, and feed almost continuously 

 until they are two year's old, when they enter into the 

 pupal stage about Ma}^, and finally emerge as moths in 

 June. When approaching maturity the larva measures 

 about two inches in length, and is of a creamy-yellow tint 

 spotted with black. 



Kemedies. — The presence of larvte in trees may be de- 

 tected by holes in the trunk or branches, and by traces of 

 "frass," or small particles of wood, on the bark. It is 

 difficult to get at them, however, owing to the depth and 

 turnings of the galleries they make. Thrusting a hot wire 

 into the holes as far as it will go, or forcing soap suds, 

 (carbolic acid, and paraffin emulsion into them are the 

 oidy remedies short of cutting the tree down and burning it. 



Other Pests. — Besides the foregoing there are a 

 number of other pests, but they are not of serious impor- 

 tance. Anyway, want of space prevents us describing 

 them, and so we must pass them by. 



B APPLE DISEASES. 



Apple Mildew (Sph^rotheca mali).— This fungus 

 attacks the young shoots and leaves of the apple, covering 

 them with a dense white powder in summer, and crippling 

 their growth. It attacks old rather than young trees. 



Remedies. — (1) In cases of bad attack cut off and burn 

 the infected shoots. (2) Spray the leaves whilst young 

 with Sulphide of Potassium Solution (No. 23). 



Apple Scab (Fusicladium dendriticum). — A fungoid 

 parasite, which in some seasons and in some districts does 



