APPLE DISEASES. 85 



miniature fairy rings, and eventually the entire surface of 

 the fruit becomes covered with (Such tufts, which are hard 

 and wart-like when old. Fruit attacked by this fungus 

 does not decay, but remains in a dry, mumnaified condi- 

 tion, either lying on the ground or hanging on the tree 

 throughout the winter. 



Kemedies. — Gather all infected fruits and burn them. 

 This work should be thoroughly done, Temembering that 

 " prevention is better than cure." If the diseased apples 

 are thrown into the pig-sty or on to the manure heap the 

 labour is all in vain, for, although the apples as such may 

 disappear, many of the numerous sclerotia will survive, 

 and in due course bear a crop of spores. If the disease 

 has existed during the previous season the trees should be 

 sprayed with Bordeaux Mixture (Nos. 20 or 21), or with 

 a solution of Potassium Sulphide (No. 23). The first 

 spraying should be applied just when the leaves are un- 

 folding, and two more sprayings at intervals of three 

 weeks. The object of these sprayings early in the season 

 is to prevent the leaves from being attacked by the fungus, 

 for if this happens it is almost impossible to prevent the 

 disease passing on to the young fruit. Finally, if the 

 disease has been present for some years, numerous spores 

 are almost certain to be liu-king in cracks of the bark, or 

 sclerotia may be formed on the young diseased shoots of 

 the past year. Under such circumstances it is advisable 

 to thoroughly drench every part of the tree with a solution 

 consisting of one pound of sulphate of iron to a gallon and 

 a-half of water. It is important to remember that this 

 mixture can only be used in the winter, before the leaf- 

 buds begin to swell. 



Coral Spot Disease (Nectria cinnabarina). — This is 

 a fungus which usually lives on dead wood. However, 

 its spores are Hkely to fall on fractures in the bark of living 

 trees, germinate, and prcniuce mycelium which develops 

 under the bark, chokes the wood cells, cuts off the supply 

 of food, and thus kills both leaves and branch. Its 



