APPLE DISEASES. 87 



ill-health, due to the premature yellowing and falling of 

 the leaves, followed by the browning and shrivelling of 

 the bark of the stems. This injury is caused by a para- 

 sitic fungus (Eutypella prunastri) developing in the bark 

 and the cambium layer. The mature spores find their 

 way into wounds caused by careless pruning or fractured 

 bark in early summer, and these vegetate in due course 

 and kill the bark. Trees are liable to attack up to ten 

 years of age, and the disease is more active in damp 

 seasons. Attacks the apple, plum, and cherry. 



Remedies. — As a preventive paint the newly-made 

 wounds at pruning time with Stockholm tar. At the same 

 time paint the trunks with the following mixture, as 

 advised by the Board of Agriculture : ' ' lieduce soft soap 

 to the consistency of paint by the addition of a strong 

 solution of washing soda in water. Add one pound of 

 quicklime to every five gallons of mixture, and stir until 

 the whole is thoroughly dissolved. Apply to the trunk 

 with a paint brush." Burn all dead trees. 



Leaf -scald Fungous (Entomosporium maculatum). 

 — This fungus attacks the young leaves of pears, apples, 

 peaches, cherries, plums, and roses, in the form of red 

 spots, which afterwards change to brown, causing them 

 to wither and fall off. In bad attacks the tree or plant 

 is frequently defoliated early in the season. 



Kemedies. — (1) Spray with a dilute solution of Bordeaux 

 Mixture (Formulae Nos. 20 or 21) just as the leaves begin to 

 expand, repeating the application a week or so later. (2) 

 Gather and burn all infected leaves. 



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