CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY PESTS. 95 



species possesses both wingless and winged females. The 

 former are pale green, and one -tenth of an inch long. 

 They make their first appearance in A^^ril, and occur at 

 intervals up to August. They infest the under sides of 

 the leaves, and cause red, orange, and yellow blisters to 

 form on the upper surface. The winged female is yel- 

 lowish-green with a black head, and flies from bush to 

 bush. Both produce their young alive. Late in summer 

 males and egg-producing females are born; and the latter, 

 after being fertilised, lays her brown eggs on the twigs 

 of the previous year s growth. The eggs remain till 

 spring, then give birth to viviparous females. The other 

 Aphis is Myzus ribis. The wingless female appears in 

 the spring, is yellowish-green with red eyes, and gives 

 birth to pale green larvae. Later winged females appear 

 of a bright green colour, olive head, black cornicles, and 

 deep green legs. Finally, a brood of males and females 

 appear, which lay their eggs on the shoots to give birth 

 the following spring to viviparous females. They chiefly 

 attack the ends of the shoots, causing them to curl and 

 twist up. 



Remedies. — (1) In the case of trees attacked the preced- 

 ing year spray them thoroughly, after pruning, with Caus- 

 tic Alkali Washes (Nos. 1 or 8). (2) Collect and burn all 

 prunings. (3) If lice appear on the foliage in spring, spray 

 with a Kerosene Emulsion (No. 16) or Quassia Wash (No. 

 14), To be effectual the spraying must be done before the 

 blisters appear on the leaves, or the ends of the shoots 

 become curled and twisted. In bad cases cut off the in- 

 fested ends of shoots and burn them. 



Currant Clearwing: Moth (.Egeria tipuliformis).— 

 This insect is found throughout the length and breadth of 

 England and on the Continent, and has also been imported 

 into America, where it has established itself as a very 

 troublesome pest. In England the black currant bushes 

 generally suffer most severely, becoming quite worthless 

 when badly infested. Next in order the insects attack 



