26 A. D. 1 7 12. 



ward, what name AkiII we give to our Engliili counfcllors at fiich a time, 

 who fupinely (if not treacheroufly) fuffered fuch a grant to pafs un- 

 opjiofed, when the charters of our king, Charles 11, to the lords pro- 

 prietors of Carolina granted to them all the lands dired:ly weft to the 

 South feas, which confequently included the country on both fides the 

 river Miflifippi * ? 



We may, under this year, note, that Erafmus Philips's State of the 

 nation, in refped to her commerce, debts, and money, [2d edition, p. 25] 

 makes ' the balance of England's trade, one year with another, to have 

 ' been in our favour, on an average L2, 881, 357 from 1702 to 1712 ; fo 

 ' that, allowing a great abatement for falfe entries, here is room enough 

 ' for the greatefl fceptic to admit of a large balance, over and above the 

 ' neceilary expenfes ot the war f. 



Before we enter upon the formal conclufion of the commercial part 

 of the treaty of Uirecht, we fhall briefly exhibit the fubflance of the 

 new treaty, concluded on the 29th of January 17 13, of mutual guaran- 

 tee for the proteflant fuccefllon to the crown of Great Britain, and for 

 the barrier of the flates-general of the United Netherlands. The ftipu- 

 lation in cafe either fliould be attacked, was, on the part of Great Bri- 

 tain, 10,000 foot to the alFiftance of the ftatcs, and by the dates 6,000 

 foot to the afliflance of Great Britain ; alio, 20 fliips of war by either 

 party. And in cafe of fudden and imminent danger, each party was 

 obliged (being required by the other) to augment their fuccours, and 

 to declare war againfl; the aggreflbr ; and even to join all their forces by 

 land and fea to thole of the party attacked. This treaty repealed one 

 of the fame kind, made in the year 1709. 



We have the befl; authority for obferving, that the copper manufac- 

 ture of England was by this time brought to the greateft degree of per- 

 fedion ; it being exprefsly fo declared in a flatute of the 12th of Queen 

 Anne, for making perpetual the adt made in the 13th and 14th years 

 of the reign of King Charles II, intitled, an adl for the better relief of 

 the poor of this kingdom, &c. by which, an expired claufe of an a(ft of 

 the 9th and 10th of King WiUiam, enading, ' that any of his majefty's 

 * fubjecfts may export from England, copper-bars imported from foreign 

 ' parts ; and, upon exportation, fliall draw back all duties, or vacate the 

 ' fecurities, laving the half of the old fubfidy, as is ufual in other com- 

 ' modities,' was now revived, in the words following, viz. ' which 



* Qu. Had Charles more right to make gifts of EnglanJ, the balance of trade was not near fo high 



the CDuntry belonging to the native Americans th;in in anyone of the years here condefccndcd on, cx- 



Louis had ? The Spaniards fay that neither of them cept 1712, when it wris L3, 114, 174, whereof 



had any title to a foot of land in America ; and the L6do,oi7 was bnllion. But the average of the ten 



aboriginal natives with miicli more truth affirm, years ending with cluiflmas 1712 wai L2, 178, 955, 



tliat all the white people (with the exception of includingthe bullion exported, which wasL464,059 



t!ie Penfylvanians and veiy few others) are intrud- on the average of thofe ten years : and that being 



ers, robbers, and rr.urdcreis. M. dcdufted, the real balance v,as about Ll, 7 14,896. 



t By Sir Charles Whitworth's Slate oflhc trade nf M. 3 



