1 16 A. D. 1720. 



peculiarly fubjed to the Britifli crown ; yet they this year feized on 

 the mofl: important pafs of Niagara, and fortified the fame, whereby 

 they were able to command the lakes, and to form a plan for extending 

 iheir power to the Ohio river, and to carry their chain of forts and fet- 

 tlements thence down to the Mifhfippi river ; and this fort they held 

 till the year 1759. In the meantime, they had by many arts debauch- 

 ed thofe five Indian nations fo far, that they were brought to murder 

 our people fettled among them in great numbers. 



In a treaty of peace, concluded this year between Denmark and 

 Sweden at Fredericklladt under the mediation of George I king of 

 Great Britain, it was flipulated, that, upon the crown of Denmark re- 

 linquifliing all former pretenfions on the crown of Sweden, the fhips of 

 Sweden, in pafling the Sound, or either of the two Belts, fliould thence- 

 forth pay to Denmark thefxme toll as is paid by Great Britain and the 

 United Netherlands ; Sweden thereby renouncing all exemption from 

 the faid toll. So that by this treaty, there was thenceforth to be no 

 longer any difference of nations in pafTmg into or returning from the 

 Baltic ; all paying a like toll for fhips and cargoes *. 



1 72 1. — While Archangel was the only flaple port for the Ruffian naval 

 comm.erce, the foreign merchants ufually relided at Mofcow, and only tra- 

 velled thence in rhe fummer feafon to Archangel, where they had their 

 warehoufes and factors : this method continued till the year 1721, when 

 by order of the czar Peter the Great, the feat of commerce was tranf- 

 ferred from Archangel to his new emporium of Peterfburgh, (now 

 grown a very confiderable city) which obliged the foreign traders to re- 

 move their fadories to it. 



According to a quarto pamphlet, (publifhed by the noted William 

 Wood 1721) entitled, the State of the copper and brafs manufadures 

 in Great Britain, about 30,000 pepole were then fuppofed to fubfifl by 

 thofe manufadures. He alfo remarks, that thofe metals were refined by 

 pit-coal alone. ' We have' (fays he) ' plenty of lapis calaminaris for 

 ' making brafs. Copper ore is found in many counties of England, 

 ' Wales, and Scotland : and this nation could fupply itfelf with copper 

 ' and brafs, of its own produce, fufficient for all occafions, if fuch du- 

 ' ties were laid on foreign copper and brafs as would difcourage their 

 * importation, and at the fame time encourage the fale of our own 

 ' metal.' 



After all the ftir, without doors by pamphlets and newfpapers, and 

 within doors by a fecret committee of parliament, all that could be 

 done for the South-fea company, was ifl, By an ad of parhament of 



* The amount of goods imported into Eng- Charles Whitworth in his Stale of the trade of 



land in the year 1 720 was L6,090,o83 ; and the Great Britain, from which I propofe to extraft 



total of the exports, not including coin and bul- tlie totals of every tentli year to the conclufion ef 



lion, was L6,9io,89<p ; as they are ftated by Sir the reign of George II. M. 



