A. D. 1765. 433 



in other words, that they fhould fend a governor to rule the kingdom, 

 and leave him only an empty title. 



Such was the fituation of affairs, when Lord Clive arrived at Cal- 

 cutta (3d May 1765), with more ample powers than any preceding 

 governor of Bengal had ever been vefled with. He adopted the policy of 

 making Sujah a friend, inftead of an indignant conquered enemy, and 

 reflored all his dominions, except the provinces of Corah and Allaha- 

 bad, which he afligned as part of an eftablifhment for the nominal 

 mogul, who had thrown himfelf upon the protecftion of the Britifh 

 army. At the fame time he obtained from the mogul a formal grant 

 to the company of the adminiftration of the provinces of Bengal, 

 Bahar, and Orifla, on condition of paying an annual quit-rent of 26 

 lacks of rupees (;^26o,ooo). Thus a territory much larger than Great 

 Britain and Ireland, producing at leafl a million flerling of net 

 revenue,* and containing at leafl; ten millions of inhabitants, was 

 acquired to the company ; a provifion was made for the reprefentative 

 of the antient potent fovereigns of Hindooflan, who till now was not 

 in pofleflion of any certain revenue or refidence ; and Sujah Dowlah 

 was in a better fituation than he expeded after his unfortunate cam- 

 paign. As for the nabob of Bengal, a penfion of ^^ lacks of rupees 

 (^^530, 000) was allowed him by the company:}:. 



In the courfe of this year feveral imprcA'ements were made in the 

 chemical and mechanic arts fubfervient to fome important manu- 

 fadures. The fociety for the encouragement of arts, 8cc. gave a prem- 

 ium of ^100 to Mr. Spurrit of Ifleworth for his method of dving 

 cotton yarn of a durable Turkey red ; and Mr. D'Ambournay, a 

 botanifl; of Paris, difcovered a dye-fluff, which produced the fame 

 effedl. A premium for the fame ufeful difcovery was alfo offered by a 

 fociety for the encouragement of the arts in Hamburgh. The procefs 

 of dying purple and crimlon with a vegetable, which is quite common, 

 was exhibited by the baron de Beufl before the chemical committee of 

 the fociety of arts. In New-England they fell upon the method of 

 making pot-arties, equal to thofe of Hungary, for the ufe of the glafs- 

 maker and bleacher ; and pearl-aflies were brought from Minorca, 

 then a part of the Britifli dominions, which were fcarcely inferior to 

 thofe of Triefle. A tanner of Battle in Suflex difcovered a method of 

 tanning calf Ikius with the faw-dufl ot oak, whereby every particle 

 of that valuable wood may be rendered ufeful, and the oak trees may 

 be allowed to grow up to a fufficient fize for their noble deftination 

 of fliip-building. Mr. Charles Douglas Bowden, and Mr. Erikine, each 



* Lord Clive idimattd the net revenue at M.ijor RenticU'* (kctclics of the hiilor)- of Hin«- 

 /, i,70c,-C0 llerling. doolLin, prcr4x<*d to liis Afemoir ef a viap of ll'tH' • 



f I liave borrowed part of this narrative from do-i'l-.n. 



Vol. III. * :; I 



