NOT EXPLAINED BY PHYSICS. 



machine, when every one knows there is nothing like a labo- 

 ratory or machine in any molecule or cell in any organism. 



Neither are the actions of living things to be explained 

 by the properties of the matter of their bodies, for these are 

 permanent endowments, while the vital properties seem to 

 be superadded to matter temporarily. The first class of 

 properties remains permanently attached to the elements 

 of matter; the last may be removed once, but can never be 

 restored. The material properties belong to the matter, 

 whether living or dead ; but where are the vital properties 

 in the dead material ? If physicists and chemists would 

 restore to life that which is dead, we should all believe in 

 the doctrine they teach. So long as they tell us their inves- 

 tigations only tend towards such a consummation, they must 

 expect a few of us to remain unbelievers for the time. 



EXPERIMENTAL ORGANISMS AND FORCE-CONDITIONING 

 MOLECULAR MACHINES. 



Experimental Organisms. Living organisms have been 

 frequently regarded as a sort of mechanism, and compared 

 with clocks and watches, and other pieces of apparatus 

 which can be wound up, or otherwise be set going. It 

 must, however, be obvious enough to any one who uses his 

 reason aright, that a thing which grows and seems to make 

 itself, we know not how, is essentially different from a thing 

 which has been made, built, constructed, and the several 

 parts of which it consists have been put together by 

 man in a way we can understand and imitate. The 

 analogy stated to exist is not only most fanciful but can- 

 not be instituted with fairness and propriety. If a machine 

 that moved itself could, of itself, divide into new machines, 



