PERIPLAST AND ENDOPLAST. 91 



now considers " protoplasm " of the first importance ; and 

 under this term would include, I imagine, not only the 

 primordial utricle and the " accidental anatomical modifica- 

 tions " it encloses, but also the fully-formed cellulose wall 

 of the vegetable cell. His " endoplast" and u periplastic 

 substance" of 1853 together constitute his "protoplasm" 

 of 1869. Huxley has modified his views, but although the 

 results of researches made during the last few years are 

 scarcely alluded to by him, he evidently felt compelled to 

 modify his notions in very important particulars, and has in 

 fact, changed them entirely. The vacuoles of his periplastic 

 substance become silently tenanted by simple or " nucleated 

 protoplasms" endowed with "subtle influences" which 

 protoplasms, our author has yet to discover, came into being 

 before his " periplastic substance " was formed. If, further, 

 he could be prevailed upon to modify his doctrines con- 

 cerning the " endoplast," and be induced to admit that it 

 was of great importance, instead of being an accidental 

 modification of no consequence whatever, he would pro- 

 bably soon discover that the periplastic substance was really 

 formed by and from the endoplast, once considered by him 

 to be unimportant. Whether the protoplastic endoplast 

 acts by virtue of " properties " or " subtle influences " of a 

 remarkable kind, or is endowed with the absurd fiction 

 " vitality" might be regarded as a question of comparatively 

 little consequence, and if Mr. Huxley preferred "subtle 

 influences " to " vitality," the substitution might be accepted 

 by many. 



Protoplasm of Max Schultze and Kuhne. Max Schultze* 



* "Das Protoplasma der Rhizopoden und der Pflanzen zellen." 

 Leipzig, 1863. 



