10 PULMONATA. 



The TestaceUce have a peculiar mantle (or rather appendage of 

 the mantle) which is simply gelatinous, contractile, and habitually 

 hidden under the shell, divided into several lobes, and susceptible 

 of an extraordinary development, so as to envelop the whole of 

 the contracted body, and thus protect it from extreme drought. 



They pass the greater part of their life in holes under ground, 

 only coming to the surface to change their locality, and remain 

 buried one or two feet deep in the earth during the cold and 

 very dry weather. They deposit their eggs under ground ; they 

 are oblong, large, and covered with a thick elastic coat, and 

 burst when moved into a warm place. When the animal de- 

 posits its eggs, the head and tentacles are drawn in so that the 

 opening of the oviduct is the end of the body. They live chiefly 

 on worms, but sometimes attack slugs and small specimens of 

 their own species, shells of their o\mi kind being found in their 

 stomach. 



Rafinesque names, but does not describe, Testacina, Urcinella 

 and Zilotea. — Anal. Nat: 1815. 



1. Testacellus haliotideus. B.M. 



Yellowish red or grey, spotted or spotless. Tentacles eylin- 

 dric. Shell ovate, pointed behind, horn-coloured, thick, rugose 

 externally, shining within. Spire white, broad and flat. 



Limax, Favanne, Conch. Zoom. t. 76. f. A 1, A 2. 



Testacelle ormier, Faure-Biguet, Bull, de Sci. iii. n. 61. 38. t. 5. 



f. 2. A, B, C, D. 

 Testacelle, Cuvier, Ann. Mus. v. 435. t. 29. f. 6, 7, 11; Mem. 



Moll. xii. t. 1. f. 6, 7, 11. 

 Testacella em-optca, De Roissy, Sonnini, Buff. Moll. v. 252. 

 Testacellus europaeus, Montf. Conch. Syst. ii. 93, 96. 

 Testacella hahotidea, Draj). Tabl. 99 ; Hist. 121. t. 8. f. 43, 48 ; 



t. 9. f. 12, 14. 



Lamk. E. M. t. 463. f. 4, cop. Drop. 

 Blaini: Man. Malac. 463. t. 41. f. 2. 

 Testacella galli.T, Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. i. 311. t. 9. f. 8. 

 Testacellus haliotideus, Ferussac, Tab. Syst. 26 ; Moll. ii. 94. 



t. 8. f. 5-9. 



Moquin-Tandon, Journ. de Conch, ii. 125. 



Var. 1. Pale vellow, not spotted. — Ferussac, f. 5, 6. 



Var. 2. ? Testacella, Ferussac, Hist. Moll. ii. t. 8 F. f. 24, 25. 



Gray, Fig. Moll. t. 286. f. 5. 

 Var. 3. Testacellus bisulcatus, Risso, Hist. Eur. Merid. 1826, 



iv. 58. 

 Testacella bisulcata, Dupuy, Moll. France, 45. t. I. f. 2. 



