APPENDIX TO THE CATALOGUE OE SHIELD REPTILES. 



Section II. at p. 15, replace with : — 



Section II. Head oblong, elongate. The two central hinder 

 marginal plates on the tail separate, as in the generality 

 of the Freshwater Tortoises and the Turtles. The nasoid 

 hone not so prominent as in other Tortoises. 



Manouria fusca (p. 15), change the name to Manouria 

 emys, and add : — 



Testudo indica, Bibron's MS. in Mus. Zool. Soc. 



1844. Testudo emys, S. Muller, Verhandl. Reptiles, p. 34, 



t. 4. 

 1847. Geoemyda spinosa (adult), Cantor, Rept. Malay 



Penin. 

 1852. Manouria fusca, Grag, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 53 ; Ann. <$f 



Mag. Nat. Eist. 1855, vol. xv. p. 68; P. Z. S. 1860, 



p. 395; Ann. 6r Mag. Nat. Hist. 1861, vol. vii. p. 216; 



Cat. Shield Rept. p. 16, t. 3, Suppl. p. 15. 

 1854. Teleophus luxatus, Leconte, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phil. 



vii. p. 187 (Oct. 1854). 

 18 . Manouria emys, Giinther, Rept. Brit. India (not 



Theobald). 



Gray, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 517. 

 18 . Manouria fusca, M. luxata, and M. emys, StraucJi, 



Chelon. Stud. p. 25. 



Hob. Penang (Cantor). 



" This animal has been curiously confounded with Geo- 

 emyda spinosa. Dr. Cantor, who first had it in a perfect 

 state, in his list of Malay Reptiles considers it the adult of 

 that species. Being desirous of obtaining the types of the 

 species described by Solomon Muller, we purchased from 

 Mr. Franks a series of specimens obtained from the Leyden 

 Museum, with the labels of that institution attached to 

 them. Having received in this series a young specimen of 

 Geoemyda spinosa labelled Testudo emys, in the 'Catalogue 

 of Shield Reptiles ' I placed that species as a synonym of 

 Geoemyda spinosa, not considering it necessary to consult 

 the figure in Muller's book, or I should have discovered 

 the mistake. Dr. Giinther corrected this in his 'Reptiles of 

 British India,' and properly changed the name from Ma- 

 nouria fusca into Manouria emys. 



"Mr. Theobald names this species 'Manouria emys, Gray,' 

 instead of Schlegel or Giinther ; but there are many in- 

 stances of want of accuracy of this kind, to which his note 

 to T. elongata would be as applicable as to the oversight 

 for which he quotes it. 



" M. A. Dumeril, in his ' Catalogue of Reptiles,'p. 4. no. 7*, 

 and in the ' Archives du Museum,' described, under the 

 name of Testudo cmydoides, a specimen which he received 

 from Leyden as Testudo emys of Muller ; and his name is 

 evidently a translation of the French name given to that 

 species ; but he does not mention the peculiar form of the 



pectoral plates, and it is very probable that he received, as 

 the British Museum did, a young specimen of Geoemyda 

 spinosa under a wrong name ; and then his name and de- 

 scription will belong to the latter species and not to Ma- 

 nouria. They are very much alike, although belonging to 

 different families."— Gray P.Z.S. 1871, p. 518. 



Dr. Strauch, in his Chelon. Stud. p. 21, regards the three 

 specific names applied to this species as distinct species ; 

 in bis ' Geographical Distribution of Tortoises ' he reduces 

 the number to two, Manouria fusca and M. emys, p. 41. 



Testudo " ust ra I 'is, Girard, Expl. Exped. Herpet. p. 470. — 

 Ilab. New Zealand (Girard). — Strauch refers this species 

 with doubt to Testudo Daudinii ; but it is probably Ma- 

 nouria emys, which Mr. Gould received under the name of 

 the Murray-river Tortoise ; but I believe that there is no 

 good authority for its occurrence in Australia or New 

 Zealand. 



SCAPIA (p. 6), remove to this place ; add to generic 

 character : — 



" Carapace oblong, subquadrate, its three marginal plates 

 reverted and moderately serrate. Nuchal plate broader 

 than long ; caudal plate double ; gular plates longer than 

 broad, moderately notched ; anal broader than long, and 

 deeply notched. Beak not emarginate. Fore limbs covered 

 with very long, thick, and imbricate soales, much as in a 

 Pangolin. Claws elongate, strong, and thick ; similar great 

 elongated scales at the heels, and a group of five principal 

 obtuse spines on either side of the tail, the median of them 

 remarkably strong and thick ; two or more smaller spines 

 or thick elongate scales above the tail." — Blyth, Journal of 

 Asiatic Society, Calcutta, xxii. p. 639. 



The genus Scapia is very nearly allied to Manouria, 

 and chiefly differs from it in the greater width and size of 

 the pectoral plates, in the same manner as Pelomedusa 

 subrufa differs from Pelomedusa Gehafie, which are the 

 types of the subgenera Pentony.v and Pelomedusa ; but 

 the pectoral plate in Manouria is even further removed 

 from the centre. 



Until lately Mr. Blyth and Mr. Theobald considered Tes- 

 tudo emys (the type of Manouria) and Testudo Phayrei (the 

 type of Scapia) to be synonymous, until I pointed out the 

 difference in the skull; and then they observed the difference 

 in the pectoral plate. At the same time Mr. Theobald re- 

 garded Mr. Blyth's typical specimen of T. Phayrei as the 

 same as T. indica of Gmelin, thus confounding as the 

 same species the shortest and the longest-headed tortoises 



