" Heaven forfend me from Lamarck nonsense of a tendency to progression, adapta- 

 tions from the slow willing of animals, etc.; but the conclusions I am led to are not 

 widely different from his ; though the means of change are wholly so. I think I have 

 found out (here's presumption !) the simple way by which species become exquisitely 

 adapted to various ends." — C. Darwin to J. D. Hooker, Jan. ii, 1848. 



" The hypothesis of Lamarck — that progressive changes in species have been pro- 

 duced by the attempts of animals to increase the development of their own organs, 

 and thus to modify their structure and habits — has been repeatedly and easily refuted 

 by all writers on the subject." — Wallace: "On the Tendency of Varieties to depart 

 indefinitely from the Original Type," Journ. Proc. Linnean Soc." August, 1858. 



" The Lamarckian hypothesis has long since been justly condemned." — Huxley : 

 "Collected Essays," H., p. 12, 1859. 



" It may be doubted whether Lamarck has not suffered more from his friends 

 than from his foes." — HuXLEY : "Collected Essays," H., p. 69. 



" Lamarck assigned partly unreal, partly insufficient causes ; and the attempt to 

 account for a progressive change in species through the direct influence of physical 

 agencies, and through the appetencies and habits of animals reacting upon their struct- 

 ure, thus causing the production and the successive modification of organs, is a con- 

 ceded and total failure." — Asa Gray : "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural 

 Selection," Amer. yournal Science and Arts, March, i860. 



