324 COLLEGE ZOOLOGY 



glandular secretion, and is given to all of the larvae by the 

 nurse bees during the first three days. Then the larvae that will 

 become workers are given honey and digested pollen in gradually 

 increasing amounts; the drone larvae, after the fourth day, also 

 receive honey and undigested pollen; but the queen larvae are 

 fed lavishly on the rich albuminous bee milk, the " royal jelly," 

 until they change to pupae. 



Growth during the larval period is accompanied by several 

 molts of the chitinous larval envelope. At the end of the larval 

 period the cells containing the young brood are covered over 



an e 



CO 



FIG. 247. Larvae and pupa of honey-bee in their cells. SL, larva spin- 

 ning coeoon; N, pupa; FL, young larva, an, antenna; ce, eye; co, cocoon; 

 m, mandible; sp, spiracles; t, tongue; w, wing. (From Packard, after Cheshire.) 



with wax, feeding ceases, and the larvae proceed to spin a cocoon 

 of silk from their spinning glands (Fig. 247, SL). These spin- 

 ning glands become the salivary glands of the adult. 



It takes the worker thirty-six hours to spin its cocoon, then 

 it slowly changes into a pupa, or chrysalis (Fig. 247, N). Prac- 

 tically the entire body is made over at this time; the three re- 

 gions, head, thorax, and abdomen, become distinct; externally 

 the wings (w.), legs, mouth parts (/, m), sting, antennae (an), 

 and eyes are visible; and the internal changes are even more 

 striking, the larval organs developing into those of the adult, 

 and new organs appearing. After a period of rest the pupa casts 

 off its exoskeleton, and emerges as an adult. 



