Grebes and Loons 



I. Western Grebe; Swan Grebe {/Echmophorus oc- 

 ddentalis}. L. 26. /4fc., summer. Crown and hind- 

 neck black; back grayish brown; sides of head and un- 

 der parts white. Winter. Crown and hindneck like 

 back. Notes. A loud, rattling, grating whistle. 



Range. Western North America; in summer eastward to Shoal 

 Lake, Manitoba; northward to southern Alaska; breeds locally from 

 northern California and North Dakota northward; winters from British 

 Columbia to central Mexico. 



7. Loon (Gavia iniber). L. 32. Ads. , summer. 

 Above, including whole neck, glossy black; throat and 

 neck with white streaks; back and wings with white 

 spots or bars; belly white. Winter Above blackish 

 margined witb grayish', no white spots; below white. 

 Notes. A loud, maniacal laugh. 



Range. Northern hemisphere; In North America, breeds from 

 Maine, northern Illinois, Minnesota, and northern California north to 

 Greenland and Alaska; winters from about southern limit of breeding 

 range south to Gulf of Mexico, chiefly on coasts. 



8. Yellow-billed Loon (Gama adamsii). L. 36. 

 Similar to No. 7, but larger and bill yellowish or whitish. 

 Notes. Similar to those of No. 7, but harsher. (Murdoch. ) 



Range. "Arctic America west of Hudson Bay, and northern Asia; 

 asual in northern Europe." (A. O. U.) 



9. Black-throated Loon (Gavia arctica). L. 27; 

 W. 12. Ads., summer. Foreneck and back bluish 

 black; throat, neck, and back streaked or barred with 

 white; crown and nape gray, belly white. Winter. 

 Similar to No. 7, but smaller. Notes. A dismal "too- 

 too-e-e." (Turner.) 



Range. Northern part of northern hemisphere; in America breeds 

 from Hudson Bay north to Arctic coast; winters south to British Col- 

 umbia, the Great Lakes and, casually, to Long Island. 



10. Pacific Loon (Gama paafica). Similar to No. 

 o, but foreneck in summer reflecting deep blue or green; 

 W. ii. Notes. Aharsh"fcwfc, 



hindneck paler; smaller, 

 kok, kok." (Murdoch'.) 



Range. Western North America; breeds at Point Barrow, Alaska, 

 and eastward; winters south along Pacific Coast to Mexico. 



II. Red-throated Loon (Gavialumme). L. 25. Ads., 

 summer. Foreneck chestnut, head and neck ashy. 

 Winter. Similar to No. 7, in winter, but back spotted 

 with white. Notes. A harsh u gr~r gn t gr-r, gr-r-ga, 

 gr-r." (Nelson.) 



Range. Northern part of northern hemisphere; in North America 

 breeds from New Brunswick to Greenland and Hudson Bay, and 

 northwest to Alaska; winters south to South Carolina and southern 

 California. 



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