Auks, Murres and Puffins 



27. 



27. Black Guillemot (Cepphus grille). L. 13. Ads., 

 summer. Black; greater wing-coverts white, black at 

 base; under surface of wings white. Winter. Above 

 gray or black tipped with white; below white. 



Range. Coasts of northern Europe and North Atlantic; in Ameri- 

 ca breeds from Knox Co., Maine north to southern Greenland; win- 

 ters south to Quebec and Massachusetts; rarely to Toronto, Con- 

 necticut, and Long Island. 



28. Mandt Guillemot (Cepphus mandtif). Similar 

 to No. 27, but bases of greater wing-coverts white. 



Ranee. Arctic regions; breeds from Labrador and Hudson Bay 

 north to northern Greenland and northern Alaska; in winter migrates 

 but little southward; no satisfactory United States record. 



29. Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba). Similar 

 to No. 27, but inner surface of wings sooty gray. Notes. 

 A squealing, vibrant whistle. 



Range. North Pacific; breeds from Santa Catalina Island north to 

 Bering Strait, west through Aleutian Islands to Kamchatka and 

 northern Japan; winters In same region. 



30. Murre(Urt'atr(rili). L. 16; B. 1.7. Ads., sum- 

 mer. Above and neck sooty brown; under parts and 

 tips of secondaries white; sides with blackish streaks. 

 Winter. Similar, but throat white washed with sooty. 

 Notes. A hoarse murre and squawking a-r-r-r-r-r-rh. 



Range. North Atlantic; breeds in North America froi 



from Bird Rock, 



Magdalen Islands, north to southern Greenland; winters south to 

 Maine and, rarely, Ontario. 



30a. California Murre (JU. t. californica). Similar 

 to No. 30 but larger, W. 8. 2; B. i. 9. 



Range. North Pacific; breeds from Pribilof Islands south to Farall- 

 ones; winters south to southern California. 



31. Brunnich Murre (Uria lomvia). Similar to 

 No. 30, but bill shorter, 1.2. In summer, 

 head and throat browner, lower mandible swollen at 

 sides and grayish at base. 



Range. North Atlantic and eastern Arctic; breeds in North Amer- 

 ica from Bird Rock, Magdalen Islands, north to Greenland; winters 

 south to New Jersey and along St. Lawrence to Lakes Champlain and 

 Ontario, rarely to Lake Michigan. 



3 la. Pallas Murre (U. I. arra). Similar to No. 

 31, but larger; W. 8.6; B. i. 5. Notes. "A peculiar 

 growling or hoarse chattering note." (Nelson.) 



Range. North Pacific; south to Kadiakand Kamchatka. 



32. Razor-billed Auk (Alca torda). L. 16.5. 

 /Ids., summer. Above sooty black, foreneck browner; 

 tips of secondaries, line from bill to eye, and under 

 parts, white. Winter. Similar, but foreneck white. 

 Yng. Similar to winter ad. but without eye line. Notes. 

 A hoarse grunt or groan. 



Range. North Atlantic; breeds from Bird Rock, Magdalen Islands, 

 north to Greenland; winters south to Long Island and, rarely, to On- 

 tario and North Carolina. 



33. Great Auk (Plautus impennis). L. 29; W. 5. 7. 

 Ads. Above blackish; a large white spot before the 

 eye; secondaries tipped with white; sides of neck and 

 the throat seal brown; belly, white. Resembling No. 

 32 in general appearance but body much larger; wing, 

 however, shorter. 



Range. Formerly, the coasts and islands of North Atlantic, south on 

 American side to Florida (in winter?); now extinct. 



48 



