Perching Birds Chiefly Gray, Black, or Black and White 



486. American Raven (Corvus corax sinuatus}. L. 

 24; W. 16; B. 2.7. Ads. Resembling No. 488, in 

 color but glossier below and with the feathers of throat 

 narrow and lengthened; nape feathers gray at base. 

 Notes. A hoarse, croaking, craack-craack, sometimes a 

 deep, grunting koeer-koeer\ a clucking, and a metallic 

 klunk. (Bendire.) 



Range. Western North America, from Guatemala north to British 

 Columbia; east to the Rockies, west to Pacific. 



486a. Northern Raven (C. c. principalis). 

 to No. 486, but larger, L. 25; W. 17; B. 3. 



Similar 



Range. Eastern North America, from mountains of northern 

 Georgia and coast of Maine, north to Greenland; west to the Rocky 

 Mountains. 



487. White-necked Raven (Corvus cryptoleucus). L. 

 18.5. Ads. Blue-black; feathers of throat narrow 

 and lengthened and with feathers of neck all around, 

 white at the base. Notes. Kwank-kwank, less loud and 

 penetrating than those of No. 486. (Bendire.) 



Range. Northern Mexico, north to western Kansas, eastern Color- 

 ado (rarely), and southern California; east to western Texas. 



488. American Crow (Corvus americanus). L. 19.3; 

 W. 12. i ; B. 2.00. Black with steel-blue or deep, 

 purplish reflections; below duller, neck feathers not 

 lengthened. Notes. Caw, caw, with many variations; 

 song, car-r-r-uck, oo-oo-oo-oo-ah. 



Range. North America, north to Arctic Circle; winters from north- 

 ern United States southward; local in west. 



488a. Florida Crow (C.a. pascuus"). Similar to 

 No. 488, but wings and tail somewhat shorter, bill and 

 feet slightly larger, W. 12; T. 7.3; B. 2.1. 



Range. Florida. 



489. Northwest Crow (Corvus caurinus). Similar 

 to No. 488 in color but smaller; L. 16; W. n; B. 1.7. 



Range. Northwest coast, from Oregon to Kadiak Island, Alaska. 



490. Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus}. L. 16; W. 

 n; B. 1.5. Ads. Resemble No. 488, in color, but back 

 feathers are uniform blue-black without dull margins; 

 underparts are nearly as bright as upperparts. Notes. 

 A hoarse, nasal, reedy car resembling the call of the 

 young of No. 488. 



Range. Atlantic coast north to Connecticut, (casually Massachu- 

 setts) .west along Gulf coast to Louisiana; resident, except at northern 

 limit of range. 



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