90 Commercial Gardening 



growing as the Lesser Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), the Musk Mallow 

 (Malva moschata), the Hairy Cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea), the Gallic 

 Catchfly (Silene gallica), the Speedwell (Veronica officinalis), the Hawk- 

 weed (Hieracium Pilosella), Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), Shepherd's 

 Purse (Capsella Bursa-pastoris), Corn Bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus), 

 Poppy (Papaver Rhceas), Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Spanish Broom 

 (Cytisus scoparius), Bracken (Pteris aquilina), Sterile Brome Grass 

 (Bromus sterilis), &c. 



On wet or marshy soils the following weeds may be found: Dog's Bent 

 Grass (Agrostis canina), Cuckoo Flower (Cardamine pratensis), Marsh 

 Thistle (Cnicus palustris), Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), the Marsh 

 Galium (Galium palustre), Corn Spurrey (Spergula arvensis), Comfrey 

 (Symphytum officinale), Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus), Bulrush 

 (Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia), Forget-me-Not (Myosotis palustris), 

 Rushes (Juncus spp.), Sedges (Cyperus spp.), Loose-strife (Lythrum Sali- 

 caria), Willow Herb (Epilobium), Common Carrot (Daucus Carota), 

 Butterbur (Petasites vulgaris), Water Ragwort (Senecio aquaticus), 

 Yellow Meadow Rue (Thalictrum flavum), Ivy-leaved Crowfoot (Ranun- 

 culus hederaceus), Great Spearwort (Ranunculus Lingua), the Lesser 

 Spearwort (R. Flammula), the Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris), Water- 

 cress (Nasturtium officinale), Sundew (Drosera), Mare's Tail (Hippuris 

 vulgaris), Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum), Pennywort (Hydrocotyle vul- 

 garis}, Water Parsnip (Sium), Valerian or All Heal (Valeriana), Bur 

 Marigold (Bidens cernua), &c. 



On chalky or limestone soils: the Pasque Flower (Anemone Pulsatilla), 

 the Stinking Hellebore or Setter Wort (Helleborus fostidus), the Baneberry 

 or Herb Christopher (Actcea spicata), Whitlow Grass (Draba muralis), 

 Penny Cress (Thlaspi perfoliatum), Cheddar Pink (Dianthus ccesius), 

 Goldilocks (Aster Linosyris), the Fetid Hawk's Beard (Crepis fostida), 

 Wild Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), Chicory (Cichorium Intybus), Fumi- 

 tory (Fumaria officinalis), Bladder Campion (Silene inflata), &c. 



On clayey soil or very heavy loam will be found Docks (Rumex), 

 Coltsfoot (Tussilago Farfara), Creeping Bent Grass (Agrostis repens), 

 Floating Foxtail Grass (Alopecurus geniculatus), Sow Thistle (Sonchus 

 arvensis), Rest Harrow Ononis spinosa. 



Where, however, one notices the Hawthorn hedges, Wild Plums and 

 Sloes, the Elms, Oaks, Beeches, Ashes, and Lime trees growing luxuriantly, 

 the soil bearing them, or adjacent, may be looked upon as the best for 

 general gardening or farming. It contains a fair mixture of sand, clay, 

 lime, and decayed organic matter (humus), and such a soil is likely to 

 yield the best results if it is properly cultivated, but not otherwise. 

 The following weeds also indicate a good loamy soil suitable for the 

 cultivation of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, viz.: Thistles, Stinging 

 Nettles, Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), Goosefoot or Fat Hen (Chenopodium 

 album), Annual Sow Thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), Dandelion (Taraxacum 

 officinale), Chick weed (Stellaria media), &c. 



