Fungoid Diseases 



205 



infected. Sulphur seems to be the great and most reliable antidote to 

 fungoid attack, and this fact is so well recognized that it appears in one 

 form or another in many of the best fungicides. 



Another peculiar feature about some fungi is that they exist in two 

 or three different forms or stages, and on two or three different plants. 

 It is now well known that the " Smut" of corn exists in one stage on Bar- 

 berry bushes (Berberis), from which it passes into another stage and then 

 becomes injurious to corn crops. A somewhat similar state of affairs exists 

 with the Apple Rust and Pear Bust. The fungus that exists on Junipers 

 as Gymnosporangium clavariceforme passes from the Junipers and infests 

 Apples and Pears in the form known as Rcestelia aurantiaca, causing 

 orange -yellow or almost crimson patches on the leaves. Farmers now 

 know that the proximity of Barberry bushes may lead to an attack of 

 " Smut" on their corn, and fruit-growers know that Junipers may lead to 

 the Rust of Apple and Pear leaves. 



These cases are mentioned with the object of showing that there is 

 cause and effect with fungoid attacks as with insect attacks, and once the 

 real cause is known it becomes easier to check the spread of the disease. 



In the following table some of the chief fungoid diseases afflicting 

 fruits and vegetables are given, so that the grower may see at a glance 

 the enemies he has to face. Further details will be found in Vol. Ill, 

 dealing with Fruit Crops, and in Vol. IV, dealing with Vegetable Crops. 

 The principal fungoid diseases afflicting Flowering Plants are referred to 

 in Vol. II, under the plants attacked. 



FUNGOID DISEASES OF FRUIT TREES 



Common and Scientific 

 Name of Disease. 



Parts Attacked and Outward 

 Appearance. 



Treatment, <fec. 



Apple Black Rot. See 

 Quince Black Rot. 



Apple Blight (Micro- 

 coccus amylovorus). 



Apple Brown Rot 

 (Sderotinia or Moni- 

 lia fructigena). 



Apple Canker (Nectria 

 ditissima). 



Apple Powdery Mil- 

 dew (Podosphcera 

 oxyacanthce). 



Apple Ripe Rot (Pent- 

 cillium glaucum). 



Appears on bark in small spots, 

 which enlarge and kill the twigs 

 and branches. Flourishes also 

 on unripe fruit. 



Attacks all parts, but chiefly 

 fruits, in circular lines of reddish 

 or yellowish pustules. 



Attacks bark, and causes it to 

 die and form cracks. Increases 

 rapidly and prevents healing; 

 usually follows attacks of Ameri- 

 can Blight, the spores germinat- 

 ing in the wounds, and produc- 

 ing minute red balls in spring. 



Attacks young shoots and leaves 

 with a white powdery mildew, 

 causing them to shrivel in time. 



Attacks ripening fruits, and causes 

 them to rot. 



Use caustic washes in winter, and 

 hot Bordeaux mixture and liver 

 of sulphur when fruits have set. 

 Disease also attacks Pears. 



Gather diseased fruits and burn. 



Use caustic washes in winter, and 

 methylated spirit, paraffin, &c., 

 in summer for Blight, and wood 

 tar for the wounds. 



Spray with hot Bordeaux mixture 

 or liver of sulphur on first ap- 

 pearance, and afterwards if 

 necessary. The disease also at- 

 tacks Pears, Hawthorns, Med- 

 lars, Mountain Ash. 



Collect rotting fruits and burn. 



