Hardy and Half-hardy Plants 19 



flowers being also useful for cutting from June to September. There is 

 also a pretty white-flowered variety. Both may be raised from seeds and 

 division. 



G. macrosiphon is another species, 2-3 ft. high, with very bright crimson 

 flowers. There is also a white variety and a dwarf dense -growing one 

 called nana. They must be raised from seeds as they are annuals. 



Cephalaria alpina. This is an attractive border plant, a kind of Giant 

 Scabious, 5-6 ft. high, producing masses of pale-yellow flowers very useful 

 for cutting. C. leucantha is about 4 ft. high, more compact in growth, and 

 has white flowers. Both kinds are easily raised from seeds, or may also 

 be increased by division. 



Cerastium tomentosum. This is the best of several species, valuable 

 for the dense carpeting masses of silvery- white leaves spreading over the 

 ground, and in summer overtopped with delicate sprays of pure -white 

 flowers. A good trade is done in box stuff' in spring for carpet bedding, &c. 

 The plant is easily raised by cuttings in autumn or spring. Other Cer- 

 astiums grown for sale in small quantities are : alpina, purpurascens, 

 Biebersteini, Boissieri, grandiflorum, and latifolium, all with white 

 flowers, and with softly hairy grey -green or silvery leafage. 



CeratOStigma plumbaginoides. This plant is much better known as 

 Plumbago Larpentce. It is a Chinese hardy herbaceous perennial, 1-2 ft. 

 high, remarkable for the beautiful bronzy-yellow and scarlet tints of its 

 oboval leaves and bracts in summer and autumn. It has masses of sky-blue 

 flowers in September and October. It grows in any garden soil, and is 

 increased by division in spring. 



Chamaelirion carolinianum. A pretty Liliaceous plant, 1 ft. high, 

 with flattish leaves which turn purple in autumn, and trusses of white 

 flowers in June, the males and females being on different plants. It 

 likes peaty soil in shaded places, and is increased from seeds and by 

 division. 



Cheiranthus alpinus (Erysimum ochroleucum). A good plant for the 

 rockery or wall, with lance-shaped leaves and sulphur-yellow flowers. 

 There is a form with variegated leaves. Other kinds are MarscTialli, bright 

 yellow; mutabilis, bronze purple; and kewensis, a cross between the Wall- 

 flower (see p. 118) and mutabilis. They flourish in good soil, and are 

 raised from seeds, or cuttings only in the case of Marshalli. 



Chelone Lyoni. A North American hardy herbaceous perennial, 3-4 ft. 

 high, with oval heart-shaped toothed leaves and quadrangular spikes of 

 purple flowers from July to September. It is increased by seeds, cuttings, 

 or division in spring. Other species are nemorosa, 1 ft., rose purple; 

 glabra, 3 ft., creamy white; obliqua, 3 ft., violet purple. The plant known 

 as G. barbata is more correctly known now as Pentstemon barbatus (which 

 see). 



China Aster. The florist's China Aster has been evolved during the 



O 



past eighty years by selection and cultivation from a beautiful Marguerite- 

 like composite Callistephus hortensis referred to at p. 14. There are 



