Small and Bush Fruits: Loganberry, 8cc. 163 



berry more than the Raspberry in appearance of flowers and foliage, but 

 the fruits are much larger than those of either and quite distinct in flavour. 

 Although perhaps a little too acidulous for dessert, there is no doubt as 

 to their value for preserves, and they ought to find a ready sale among 

 jam makers. Under good conditions one plant will produce from 5 to 10 Ib. 

 of fruit. (See Coloured Plate.) 



Cultural treatment consists in giving a dressing of well-rotted manure 

 in the winter when the soil is being forked up lightly, and in cutting out 

 all the dead canes that fruited of the last year's growth. The best of the 

 young shoots should be retained and tied to stakes or fences, and the tops 

 should be shortened back a few inches, but not severely, as in the case 

 of Raspberries. 



Blackberry. Perhaps because this is a wild British fruit it does not 

 find favour with growers, and yet its fruits, picked from the hedges, find 

 a ready sale in the autumn. One might do worse than grow some plants 

 in the same way as the Loganberry, where the fruits cannot be purloined 

 by every passer-by. 



Besides the Loganberry and the Blackberry, other "berries" have 

 appeared recently, among them being the "Low Berry", the "Laxton 

 Berry", &c. (See Coloured Plate.) The American Blackberry (Rubus 

 laciniatus), the Japanese Wineberry (R. phcenicolcisius), and American 

 varieties of the common Blackberry known as Lawtons, Kittatiny, Mam- 

 moth, Wilson, Junior, &c., have been in cultivation for some years, and 

 although they bear masses of excellent fruit they are practically confined 

 to private gardens. (See Coloured Plate.) 



The only disease worth noting in connection with the Loganberry and 

 allied fruits is "Crown Gall". This disease has probably been present in 

 this country for a long time, but has not been recognized with certainty 

 until recently. The disease forms galls or tumours at the collar, or some- 

 times on branches of the root, and as they are usually underground they 

 are often passed over. The galls vary in size from a marble to that of 

 a football, and are coarsely warted or wrinkled. Several specimens on the 

 base of the stem of the Loganberry have been observed in this country, 

 as also have specimens on Plum, Chrysanthemum, Rose, and Raspberry. 

 In the United States, Crown Gall is considered as one of the most serious 

 diseases with which the fruit grower has to contend. It is most destruc- 

 tive in the nursery, where it spreads along the rows, killing the young 

 trees wholesale. Apples, Plums, Cherries, Quinces, and in fact practically 

 all fruit trees, and several forest trees, are attacked. When older trees 

 are infected they may live for many years, but the produce is smaller 

 in quantity and inferior in quality to that of healthy trees. 



When the galls are not large they should be removed, and the wound 

 covered with a paste composed of 1 oz. each of sulphate of copper (blue- 

 stone) and of sulphate of iron, and 2 oz. of quicklime. 



Quicklime should be worked into the soil in orchards, &c., where 

 Crown Gall is present. [G. M.] 



