Small and Bush Fruits: Strawberries 171 



brown. The females drop their ova in flight, and the larvee hatch in nine 

 days, and enter the soil, where they feed all the winter on the roots of 

 all kinds of plants. They are very active, and reach 1| in. in length. 

 They pupate in the soil in May. 



TREATMENT. Treatment consists of working into the infected land soot 

 and lime, or vaporite, which I have always found kills them, whilst the 

 soot and lime is uncertain in action. 



Strawberry Eelworms (Angruillulidae). 1. Cauliflower Disease 

 (Apkelenchus fragaricu). This small worm is only 075 to 0'80 mm. long 

 in the female, smaller in the male, yet in numbers it is capable of producing 

 a serious disease in Strawberries known as Cauliflower Disease, owing to 

 the swollen stems and crowded buds producing a growth similar to that 

 vegetable. The minute white Eelworms are found in the buds and other 

 parts of the plants, where they breed. The worms can also live in the 

 soil for some time. All diseased plants should be lifted at once and burnt, 

 and the holes filled in with hot lime. 



2. The Root Eelworm (Tylenchus devcistatrix) also does harm to Straw- 

 berries. The attacked plants rot and decay away below and at ground 

 level. The leaves become crinkled, especially at the edges. This is the 

 same parasite that causes Tulip Root in Oats, and occurs in Onions, Clover, 

 and Hyacinths, in Hops and decaying Cabbage stumps. The worms live 

 and breed in the plants and also exist in the soil. The female is V in. long. 

 Lime and sulphate of potash have most effect on Eelworm and should be 

 used where the plants are attacked. Sulphate of potash, however, often 

 has a bad effect on the plants. 



Other Pests. Other pests attacking the Strawberry are the Surface 

 Larvae, the caterpillars of the Heart-and-Dart Moth (Agrotis exclainationis), 

 and those of the Yellow Underwing (Triphcena pronuba). These may also 

 be killed with vaporite in winter. 



Four weevils attack the Strawberry, the Strawberry Otiorhynchus 

 (Otiorhynchus sulcatus), the Black Anthonomus (AnihonofYius rubi), the 

 Small Fruit Weevil (Exomias araneiformis), and the Minute Rhynchites 

 (Rhynchites minutus). But none of these are of general importance. 



An Aphis (Siphonophora fragariella) now and then attacks Straw- 

 berries, and may be treated by spraying with soft soap and quassia; and a 

 small moth, the Strawberry-leaf Button Moth (Peronea comariana), some- 

 times does harm by attacking the leafage in its caterpillar stage. Slugs 

 (Limacidse) and a snail (Helix rufescens) also do some damage. [F. V. T.] 



Strawberry-leaf Spot (Sphcerella fragarice). This disease is pre- 

 valent wherever the Strawberry is cultivated, and is always in evidence, 

 although it is only now and again that it assumes the proportions of an 

 epidemic. As a rule it appears rather late in the season, after the crop has 

 been picked, where its presence is usually ignored. This is unfortunate, 

 as the mass of spores produced are quite likely to set up the disease quite 

 early in the following season. The leaves only are attacked, and the 

 symptoms are unmistakable. Small reddish patches first appear, almost 



