2l6 



Commercial Gardening 



Fig. 400. Chain Leader 



Station B 



12 



the fiftieth or middle link has a circular marker attached. By means of 

 these markers any distance is easily reckoned. 



In using a chain, two operators are required 

 one to lead and one to follow. The follower holds 

 the chain by means of the ring at end fairly against 

 the post from which a start is to be made. The 

 leader (tig. 400) takes the other end of the chain and 

 walks in a straight line towards a definite point, 

 indicated by a staff. He carries ten arrows, one of 

 which he places at the end of each chain that is 

 measured (see fig. 399). The follower then moves 

 forward and holds his end of the chain against the 

 arrow left by the leader. The latter proceeds to the 

 length of the chain and fixes the second arrow in 

 the ground. The follower then takes up arrow 



No. 1, and holds the end of the chain at the point where the leader has 

 fixed arrow No. 2, and so on to the finish. If less than ten chains are 



measured, the number of arrows left 

 in the leader's hands will show how 

 much has been unchained, the arrows 

 in the follower's hand, of course, repre- 

 senting the distance covered. Any dis- 

 tance less than a chain is measured in 

 links, and the brass markers on the 

 chain indicate the number of links as 

 above stated. 



The Field Book. When there is 

 any great extent of measuring by chain 

 to be done, a Field Book will be found 

 useful to record the distances, and any 

 important features to the right or to 

 the left of the chain line. A useful 

 size is one about 7 in. by 4J in., con- 

 taining about twenty-four leaves. A 

 column about f in. wide is ruled up the 

 centre, and is intended to correspond 

 with the straight line that is being 

 chained. The entries in the field book 

 commence at the bottom of the page, 

 and from the end of the book. Certain 

 leading points along the line to be 

 chained are called "stations", and are 

 marked in the field book with a circle, 

 thus O. The stations may be called 



A, B, C, D, &c. The distances chained are entered in the central column. 

 At certain distances, however, it may be necessary to note some feature to 



Station* 



300 



246 

 240 



228 



200 



120 



80 



30 

 20 



12 



15 



18 



26 



Fig. 401. Specimen of Field Book 



