Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Climbers 19 



last during the winter. Many of them are easily raised from seeds, and 

 these provide stocks upon which other kinds are grafted. Cuttings and 

 layers are also made. Amongst the best evergreen Cotoneasters are 

 buxifolia, microphylla, pannosa, rotundifolia, and thymifolia,', and 

 amongst the deciduous species acuminata, affinis, baciUaris, frigida, 

 horizontalis, integerrima (or vulgaris), laxiflora, multiflora. Nummu- 

 laria (semi-evergreen), Simonsi, and tomentosa. Of these, Simonsi is 

 grown in very large numbers for game coverts and also to supply stocks 

 for grafting. 



CratSBgus. The best-known member of this large genus is the 

 Hawthorn, Quick, or May Tree, C. Oxyacantha, well known by its 

 lobed leaves, somewhat spiny stems, and glorious masses of white (or 

 pink) sweet-scented flowers in May and June. It is raised in thousands 

 from seeds to form quickset hedges, and to provide stocks upon which 

 the choicer varieties are grafted. These are numerous, the best known 

 being the double whites, double scarlets, double pinks, and also the single- 

 flowered scarlet known as Gumperi. The variety prcecox is famous as 

 the Glastonbury Thorn, which comes into bloom at Christmas in mild 

 winters. There are varieties having yellow fruits, like aurantiaca and 

 aurea. 



The Cockspur Thorn (C. Crus-galli) is a North American tree, 10- 

 30 ft., with white flowers tinted red, and having scarlet fruits. C. Carrierei 

 is remarkable for its fine scarlet fruits, as is C. coccinea, another North 

 American Hawthorn with several varieties. 



The Fire Thorn or Pyracantha (C. Pyracantha) is a well-known ever- 

 green with sheets of white flowers in May and myriads of orange-scarlet 

 fruits in winter. The variety Lcelandi is considered the best. Other 

 kinds are Korolkowi, with yellow fruits; pinnatifida, with several 

 varieties; and tanacetifolia, with deeply cut downy leaves. 



Cytisus (BROOM). Apart from the lovely greenhouse plant C. fragrans 

 (see Vol. II, p. 165), there are several ornamental shrubs grown in large 

 numbers, many of them being easily raised from seeds, while the choicer 

 or rarer kinds are increased by cuttings, layers, or grafting. Amongst 

 the best-known kinds are albus, 6-10 ft., white; Ardoini, a dwarf trailing 

 shrub, 1 ft., with yellow flowers; biftorus, 3 ft., bright yellow; kewensis 

 (a hybrid between albus and Ardoini), with creamy - yellow flowers; 

 nigr leans, 3-6 ft., yellow; prcecox, 8-10 ft. (a hybrid between purgans 

 and albus), sulphur yellow, and one of the first to flower; purpureus, 

 a trailing shrub with purple flowers. There is a white-flowered variety, 

 albus, and a yellow one called ratisbonensis; Scoparius is the common 

 British Broom, with twiggy branches and bright-yellow flowers from 

 April to July. There are several varieties in which white and pale-yellow 

 flowers appear, and also double ones; Andreanus (often called Genista) 

 has yellow flowers blotched with rich brownish purple. It is a favourite 

 pot plant for early forcing. 



Daboecia polifolia (ST. DABEOC'S HEATH). A pretty Irish Heath- 



