54 Commercial Gardening 



are raised annually in some nurseries. T. platyphyllos has very large 

 leaves and grows up to 90 ft., high. It flowers before T. vulgaris. T. 

 petiolaris is a fine Crimean tree with drooping branches, and leaves 

 silvery white and downy beneath, as in the White or Silver Lime (T. 

 argentea). The American Lime, Bass wood, or White wood (T. americana) 

 attains a height of 70 ft., and has many varieties, one called mississippi- 

 ensis having leaves about 1 ft. long. 



Ulex europaeus (FURZE, GORSE, WHIN). This prickly Leguminous ever- 

 green is well known on commons, wayside banks, &C., throughout the 

 British Islands. The double-flowered variety (/lore pleno) when covered 

 with yellow bloom is a fine picture, and is now largely raised from cut- 

 tings in cold frames, and grown on in pots for sale. The Common Furze 

 is easily raised from seeds. The variety strictus, known as the Irish 

 Furze, is stiffer in growth; and nanus and Galli are dwarf varieties that 

 flower in the autumn. 



Ulmus campestris (ELM). The Common British Elm or Aume attains 

 a height of over 100 ft., and the trunk a girth of over 20 ft. The ovate- 

 oblong leaves are 2-3 in. long and somewhat pointed. There are several 

 varieties, including acutifolia; Berardi, with smaller leaves and slender 

 habit; betulcefolia; stricta, rigid; tortuosa, a peculiar twisted form; virens, 

 the Kidbrook Elm, with almost evergreen foliage; variegata, leaves striped 

 and blotched with white ; and Louis Van Houtte, a golden-leaved form. 



U. montana, the Scotch or Wych Elm, is similar to campestris and 

 seems to be greatly confused with it, the varieties of one being often 

 associated with those of the other. One of the best street trees, especially 

 for seaside towns, is the Cornish Elm (cornubiensis), which has smaller 

 and more deeply veined and more closely arranged leaves than the type. 

 The variety fasligiata, known as the Exeter or Ford's Elm, is pyramidal 

 in habit with peculiarly twisted leaves; there is a golden-leaved form of 

 it (aurea). The Chichester or Huntingdon Elm (vegeta) is a very rapid 

 grower. The Downton Elm (pendula) is a smooth-leaved variety of cam- 

 pestris, with a drooping habit. There are several other elms grown under 

 such names as Camperdowni; Dampieri aurea, a fine golden-leaved form; 

 wiarmorata, with mottled leaves; Richardsoni; and Whitworthi. All 

 special varieties are usually grafted on stocks of the Common Elm. 



Vaccinium. This genus contains about 100 species of erect or trailing 

 evergreen or deciduous shrubs chiefly remarkable for their berried fruits 

 black, red, or purple in colour. The plants like a moist peaty soil, and are 

 used sparingly for shrubberies and rock gardens. They are increased by 

 seeds, layers, and cuttings. Amongst the best-known species are V. Myr- 

 tillus, the Common Whortleberry, Bilberry, or Blueberry; V. stamineum, 

 the Dewberry or Huckleberry; and V. Vitis-Idcea, the Cowberry. All 

 natives of North America. 



Veronica. Amongst the dwarf er shrubby kinds grown for rock 

 gardens are carnosula, chathamica, Bidwelli, cupressoides, epacridea, 

 Haasti, Hectori, Hulkeana, Lyalli, lycopodioides, pimelioides, salicor- 



