Conifers and Taxads 



61 



There are several other Cypresses, including Tnacrocarpa and its variety 

 lutea; Macnabiana; lusitanica; nootkatensis, &c., the latter better known 

 as Thujopsis borealis, with varieties albo-variegata and lutea. The White 

 Cedar (C. thyoides or Chamcecyparis sphceroidea), 30-60 ft. high, from the 

 swampy regions of North America, is a good plant, and has a fine golden- 

 coloured variety called lutea. 



Ginkgo biloba (Salisburia adiantifolia). This is the deciduous 

 " Maidenhair Tree " of Japan and China. It grows up to 80 ft. high, and 



has leathery fan-shaped leaves veined like the 

 pinnules of a Maidenhair Fern. It is perfectly 

 hardy in most places, and is raised from seeds 

 (fig. 451). 



Juniperus. There are about thirty species 

 of Juniper known, mostly ornamental and easily 

 grown in moist soil. They are increased by 

 seeds and cuttings, and choice varieties are 

 grafted on stocks of the common species. J. 

 chinensis is dioecious, and one of the best with 

 pyramidal habit, the male plant being better 

 than the female. There are several varieties, 

 such as albo-variegata, with silvery variegation 

 at the tips of the shoots; aurea, with beautiful 

 golden young foliage; and glauca, with blue- 

 green tints. The Common Juniper (J. com- 

 munis) grows from 3-50 ft. high, and has also 

 several varieties, of which the Irish Jumper 

 (hibernica), with erect columnar habit, is one of 

 the best. Other forms are alpina, glauca, and 

 B, Aimond-iike pendula. The Common Savin (J. Sabina) is a 

 nice branching shrub up to 8 ft. high, with 

 several varieties, including prostrata, a good 



trailing plant for rock gardens; tamariscifolia, the "Carpet Juniper", a 

 trailer with bright -green slender shoots; and variegata, the branchlets 

 of which are prettily variegated with creamy white or pale yellow. The 

 Red or Pencil Cedar (J. virginiana) grows up to 90 ft. in the United 

 States, but is often only a low shrub in some places. There are several 

 varieties, such as albo-variegata, aureo-variegata, pendula, Gossaintheana, 

 elegans, glauca (very handsome), and several others. The greenhouse 

 Juniper is dealt with in Vol. II, p. 177. 



Larix europsea (COMMON LARCH). A well-known deciduous conifer, 

 80-100 ft. high, grown in hundreds of thousands for forest purposes. 

 There are several varieties, including pendula, with weeping habit. Owing 

 to lack of cultivation and badly ventilated soil, plantations are some- 

 times attacked by a minute fungus (Peziza Willkommi), which spreads 

 rapidly. The Japanese Larch (leptolepis) is a beautiful tree, but not so 

 valuable economically as the common one. The Golden Larch (Pseudo- 



Fig. 45l.Ginkgo biloba 

 A, Seedling plant. 



