REMEDIES. 



Remedies for the ravages of injurious insects may be conven- 

 iently grouped under two heads : preventive remedies and active 

 remedies. Among the preventive remedies are classed such meas- 

 ures as early seeding (see Wheat Midge) and late seeding (see 

 Hessian Fly), the rotation of crops (see Corn-root Worm), pro- 

 tecting plants by screens (see Cucumber Beetle), mechanical bar- 

 riers (see Spring Canker-worm), repellant washes (see Apple-tree 

 Borer), and other means of preventing the laying of eggs on the 

 food-plant or the accession of the living pests to the plant. The 

 active remedies include those measures taken for the direct de- 

 struction of the pests, such as hand-picking (see Tomato- worm), 

 trapping (see Squash-bug), crushing or burning (see Injurious 

 Grasshoppers), or the use of insecticides. 



The intelligent use of insecticidal substances by agriculturists 

 and horticulturists is the means of a great annual saving. The 

 most prominent apple-grower in Kansas, whose annual sales of 

 fruit amount to nearly $50,000, attributes his remarkable success 

 in fruit-growing largely to the liberal use of insecticides. His 

 spraying operations are conducted on a scale commensurate with 

 his extensive orchards, and his results attest the great value if 

 not actual necessity of an intelligent warfare against insect pests 

 carried on by the fruit-raiser. 



The insecticides in present use may be considered under two 

 heads: First, the internal poisons, taking effect by being eaten 

 with the ordinary food of the insect; second, the external irri- 

 tants, taking effect by closing the breathing pores (insects do not 

 breathe through their mouths, but by means of small holes, a row 

 of which is situated on each side of the body), or by extreme irri- 

 tation of the body tissues. 



The most important of the internal poisons are the arsenical 

 poisons, Paris green and London purple. 



PARIS GREEN, or arsenite of copper, containing 55 per cent, to 

 60 per cent, of insoluble arsenic, retailing at drug stores at about 

 23 cents a pound. For spraying (see directions and information 



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