APPENDIX. 117 



By the summer of 1889 the pest had extended in numbers much far- 

 ther to the southward, and the Department [of Agriculture] was early 

 informed of its occurrence in Harford and Howard counties, Maryland, 

 and Prince William, Fanquier, Stafford, Culpepper, Louisa, Augusta, 

 Buckingham and Bedford counties, Virginia. Other scattering obser- 

 vations show the migration southward and westward of the pest. 



Prof. Herbert Osborn, in Bulletin 13, Iowa Agricultural Ex- 

 periment Station, May, 1891, says: 



. . . It is becoming distributed throughout the country. It will 

 doubtless appear in this State in the near future, though at present 

 writing, except for one uncertain statement as to its appearance in the 

 southeast part of the State, I have seen no report of its occurrence in 

 Iowa. 



At the third annual meeting of the] American Association of" 

 Economic Entomologists, held in August, 1891, Mr. D. S. Kelli- 

 cott, of Columbus, Ohio, stated that the Horn Fly certainly has a. 

 foot-hold in central Ohio. He thought the fly was advancing along 

 the Baltimore & Ohio Railway, and spreading south from Lancas- 

 ter, a village near this railroad line. Mr. Lintner, State Entomolo- 

 gist of New York, at the same time said that he had heard of the 

 fly in the southeastern portion of New York State. In Insect Life,. 

 vol. ir, p. 144 (1890), P. T. Henshaw, under date of August 20, 

 reports the presence of the Horn Fly in Kentucky. He says that 

 the flies have been numerous all summer. P. H. Rolfs reports 

 the pest in Florida in 1891 (Insect Life, vol. iv, p. 398, 1892). 

 In Insect Life, vol. iv (April, 1892), the presence of the pest in 

 Mississippi is reported by Howard Evarts Weed, a competent 

 entomologist. He says it was noticed in his State in May, 1891,. 

 and on inquiry he found that the insect was "present in nearly all 

 of the eastern portions of the State." Referring to the probable 

 destruction and abundance of the pest, Mr. Weed says : 



... It seems to me probable that it will eventually become a 

 more serious pest in the Southern than in the Northern States." 



It will be of interest to note the first appearance of the pest in- 

 Kansas.* Its appearance in Illinois (see note at the beginning of 

 the Appendix) makes it highly probable that the coming season 

 will find it within the borders of our State. 



* See foot-note on page 113. One is led to reflect upon the increasing value of eco- 

 nomic entomology as its number of observers grows larger, and it becomes possible t<v 

 hoist warning flags in front of the destructive insect waves. 



