114 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Armeria continued. 



A. junlperlfOlia (Juniper-leaved).* fl. deep rose, in small densely 

 packed heads. May and June. /. short, stiff, erect, Juniper-like. 

 h. bin., \yith a dense tufted habit. Spain, 1818. Plant in a warm 

 well-drained portion of the rockery in very sandy soil, with souie 

 nodules of sandstone intermixed. 



A. latlfolia (broad-leaved). Synonymous with A. tephalotes. 



A. lencantna(white-flowered). A white-flowered variety of A. 

 plantaginea. 



A. maritima (sea). Synonymous with A. vulgarit. 



A. maurltanloa (Mediterranean). Synonymous with A. eepha- 

 totes. 



A. plantaginea (Plantain-leaved).* fl. bright rose ; scapes taller 

 than in A. vulgarit. J. broader, three to fl ve-nerved, and with a 

 stouter growing habit than the common species, h. 1ft. South 

 Europe, 1818. A very pretty species. SYNS. A. leucantha, which 

 is frequently called A. p. alba, and A. scorzonerasfolia. 



A. pseudo armerla (false Armerla). Synonymous with A. cepha- 

 lotes. 



A. scorzonersefolia (Seoreon era-leaved). Synonymous with A. 

 plantaginea. 



A. setacea (bristly).* fl. light rose, In small heads about 2in. 

 high, very freely produced from the axils of the leaves. April to 

 June. I. in dense rosettes, erect, or nearly so, narrow, acute, the 

 tufts having a bristly appearance, h. Sin. South Europe. Plant 

 in a semi-perpendicular cranny of the rockery, with a sunny 

 position. 



A. vulgaris (common).* Common Thrift ; Sea Pink. fl. pink, rosy 

 red, Iflac, or white (the latter known as A. v. alba), collected into 

 a rounded head on the top of the simple scape. June to August. 

 I. all radical, numerous, linear, usually one-nerved, more or less 



. , , , -, 



pubescent, h. 6in. to 12in. Britain, on the sea coasts. A. v. alpina 

 is a dwarf alpine form of this species. The white-flowered v 

 is very handsome. A v. Laucheana is also a pretty form, 

 deep pink flowers in dense heads about 6in. high, and a 

 tufted habit. Crimson Gem, of garden origin, is stron 



of brigh 

 maritima, 



, of garden origin, is stronger grow- 



ing, with stems about 9in. high, carrying heads of bright crimson 

 pink flowers, also of tufted nabit. SYNS. A. maritima, Statice 

 Armeria. 



(its Arabian name). ORD. Boraginece. 

 Handsome hardy herbaceous perennials or annuals, allied 

 to Lithospermum. Cuttings should be removed with a 

 heel in autumn, dibbled in sandy soil in small pots, and 

 placed in a cool house, where they will ultimately, though 

 slowly, root ; they should then be gradually hardened off, 

 and finally planted out. A. echioides is also easily in- 

 creased by making cuttings of the strong roots, which 

 should be dibbled in pots of sandy soil, and placed in gentle 

 heat ; it is also raised from seed. 



A. echioides (Echium-like).* fl. bright primrose yellow, with a 

 purplish spot in the sinuses between the lobes of the corolla, 

 which gradually disappears in a few days ; spikes terminal, large, 

 solitary, secund. May. I. sessile, alternate ; margins as well as 

 the stems ciliated, h. 9in. to 12m. Armenia. One of the 

 showiest of hardy perennials for the border or rockery. 



A. Grlfflthll (Griffith's). This differs from above in having 

 narrower leaves, rather smaller flowers, which are of a more de- 

 cided yellow, a differently shaped calyx, and a longer corolla. 

 A. 9in. North-west India. Equally desirable, were it a perennial ; 

 but, being an annual, it must be constantly raised from seed. 



ARNICA (from arnakis, lambskin ; in reference to the 

 texture of the leaves). ORD. Composites. Hardy, dwarf, 

 herbaceous perennials, allied to Senecio. They thrive best 

 in loam, peat, and sand; the plants are best divided in 

 spring. Seeds should be procured when possible, and 

 sown in a cold frame, in spring. The only species worth 

 growing are described below. 

 A. Aronicum. A synonym of A. scorpioides. 

 A. Chamissonls (Chamisso's).* fl.-heads yellow, IJin. to 2in. 

 across, arranged in a corymb. July to September. I. oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate or acute, tomentose, tapering to the base. 

 h. 1ft. to 2ft. North America. A rather scarce, showy species. 

 A. Clusll (Clusius's). fl.-heads yellow, solitary, terminal ; stalks 

 long, thickened towards the top, and covered with long hairs. 

 Summer. I. soft, radical ones entire, or nearly so, oblong, obtuse, 

 attenuated into the petiole ; cauline ones sessile, half stem- 

 clasping, lanceolate, toothed in the lower part. h. 1ft. Switzer- 

 land, 1819. SYN. Doronicum Clusii. 



A. follosa (leafy).* fl.-heads pale yellow, about lin. across, from 

 three to seven in a corymb. August. I. lanceolate, stalked, 

 acute, denticulate, smooth, h. 1ft. to 2ft. Stems springing from 

 slender rhizome-like shoots. United States. Closely allied to 

 A. montana. It requires a damp situation. 



A. montana (mountain).* Mountain Tobacco, fl.-heads yellow, 



three or four together, about 2in. in diameter ; ray florets nume- 



v rous. July. I. radical, except a few on the scape, oblong-lanceo- 



Arnica continued. 



late, entire, smooth. Habit tufted, h. 1ft. Europe, 1731. A 

 very handsome but rare plant ; excellent for a rockery. It is 

 slowly increased. See Fig. 150. 



FIG. 150. ARNICA MONTANA, showing Habit and Flower-head. 

 A. soorpioides (scorpion-like).* JL-heads yellow, large, solitary ; 

 scape one to three-flowered. Summer. I. pale green, denticu- 

 lated ; radical ones on long petioles, broadly ovate ; the lower 

 stem leaves shortly stalked, amplexicaul ; the upper ones sessile. 

 h, 6in. to 12in. South Europe, 1710. Border. SYNS. A. Aronicum, 

 Aronicum scorpioides. 



ARNOPOGON. See Urospermum. 

 AROIDE.2E. See Aracesa. 

 ARONIA. Sea Crataagus Aronia and Pyrus. 

 ARONICUM. See Arnica scorpioides and Doro- 

 nicnm. 



ARPOPHYLLUM (from arpe, a scimitar, and 

 phyllon, a leaf; the leaf is sword-shaped). ORD. Or- 

 chideoe. Distinct evergreen epiphytes. There are about 

 six species known, and the genus belongs to the Epidendrece 

 division of orchidaceous plants ; their general characters 

 are : Flowers small, numerous, in closely packed cylindrical 

 spikes ; anther-bed broad, shorter than the broad extension 

 of the upper edge of the stigma; pollinia eight. Stems 

 rather long, with white sheaths. They thrive well in 

 fibrous peat, one-third turfy loam, freely interspersed with 

 lumps of fresh charcoal and an abundance of crocks. When 

 growing, a liberal supply of water at the roots is essential, 

 as is also a situation near the light, where they will blossom 

 much more profusely than if in any way shaded. The 

 flowers last in perfection about four weeks. 

 A. cardlnalo (cardinal), fl., sepals and petals light rose ; lip deep 

 red, on upright spikes about 1ft. high. Summer. New Grenada. 

 A. giganteum (gigantic).* fl. dark purple and rose, densely and 

 symmetrically arranged on the cylindrical spikes, which are from 

 12in. to Win. long. April and May. I. dark green, about 2ft. long, 

 borne on slender pseudo-bulbs. Mexico. 



A. splcatum (spike-flowered).* fl. dark red, on an upright spike 

 about 1ft. long. During winter. Guatemala, 1839. 



ARRACACHA (its Spanish name in South America). 

 ORD. Umbelliferce. A half-hardy tuberous perennial, highly 

 esteemed as an esculent in South America, where it yields 

 a food, which is prepared in the same manner as potatoes, 

 and is said to be grateful to the palate and extremely easy 

 of digestion. It thrives best in rich loam, and is in- 

 creased by divisions of the roots. 



A. csculenta (edible). /. white ; umbels opposite the leaves or 

 terminal ; involucre wanting. July. I. pinnate ; leaflets broadly 

 ovate, acuminated, deeply pinnatifld, profoundly serrated ; the 

 two lower leaflets petiolate, sub-ternate. A. 1ft. to 2ft. Moun- 

 tainous districts of Northern South America, 1823. SYN. Conium 

 Arracacha. 



ARRHOSTOXYLUM. Included under Bnellia 

 (which see). 



ARROW ARUM. See Peltandra virginica. 

 ARROWGRASS. See Triglochin. 

 ARROW-HEAD. See Sagittaria. 

 ARROWROOT. See Maranta. 



